Emotion, Motivation, and Personality Concepts

This set of flashcards covers key terms and concepts related to emotion, motivation, stress, health psychology, and personality theories, as well as their applications.

Anorexia Nervosa

A disorder where someone severely restricts food because of fear of gaining weight.

Bulimia Nervosa

A disorder involving binge eating followed by purging behaviors.

Cannon-Bard Theory

Theory stating that emotion and physical reaction happen simultaneously.

Cognitive Dissonance

Feeling uncomfortable when beliefs and actions don’t match.

Drive

A physical need that pushes behavior.

Emotion

A response involving feelings, body reactions, and thoughts.

Extrinsic Motivation

Motivation derived from outside rewards or punishments.

Hawthorne Effect

Change in behavior when individuals know they are being observed.

Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow)

Basic needs must be met before focusing on higher needs.

Incentive

A reward that motivates behavior.

Instinct

Inborn, unlearned behavior.

Intrinsic Motivation

Doing something for enjoyment or interest.

James-Lange Theory

Theory suggesting that physical reaction comes before emotion.

Motivation

The force that drives behavior.

Achievement Motivation

The desire to succeed and accomplish goals.

Overjustification Effect

External rewards reduce intrinsic motivation.

Polygraph

Device that measures physical reactions linked to lying.

Rosenthal Effect

The influence of expectations on performance.

Set Point (Weight)

Natural body weight range individuals tend to maintain.

Sexual Orientation

Pattern of romantic or sexual attraction to others.

Two-Factor Theory

Emotion is the result of physical arousal and interpretation.

Biopsychosocial Model

Health perspective integrating biological, psychological, and social factors.

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Three-stage model of stress response: alarm, resistance, exhaustion.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

A condition of constant excessive worry.

Health Psychology

Study of how behavior affects health.

Psychoneuroimmunology

Field studying how stress affects the immune system.

Social Support

Help from others during stressful times.

Stress

The response to challenging events.

Stressors

Events or conditions that cause stress.

Type A Behavior

Competitive and impatient personality traits.

Type B Behavior

Relaxed and calm personality traits.

Anal Stage

Freudian stage focusing on control and order.

Archetypes

Universal character types found in stories.

Big Five

A model of five major personality traits.

Collective Unconscious

Shared, universal experiences among humans.

Defense Mechanisms

Unconscious strategies to reduce anxiety.

Displacement

Redirecting emotions from one source to another.

Ego

The rational decision-maker in personality.

Fixation

Getting stuck in a developmental stage.

Genital Stage

Freudian stage focusing on mature relationships.

Humanistic Psychology

Approach emphasizing growth and free will.

Id

The pleasure-seeking part of the personality.

Latency Stage

The stage focusing on friendships and education.

Locus of Control

Belief about one's control over outcomes.

MMPI

Personality test used to assess psychological disorders.

Narcissism

Excessive self-focus and need for admiration.

Oedipus Complex

Attraction to the opposite-sex parent according to Freud.

Oral Stage

Freudian stage focusing on oral activities.

Personality

Consistent patterns of thinking and behavior.

Phallic Stage

Stage focused on gender identity and moral development.

Pleasure Principle

Tendency to seek immediate pleasure.

Projection

Attributing one's own feelings onto another.

Projective Tests

Tests revealing unconscious thoughts through interpretation.

Psychodynamic Theories

Theories focusing on unconscious conflicts.

Psychosexual Stages

Freud's developmental stages influencing personality.

Rationalization

Justifying behavior by providing excuses.

Reaction Formation

Acting in a way that is opposite to one's feelings.

Reality Principle

Balancing desires with the limitations of reality.

Reciprocal Determinism

Interaction of person, behavior, and environment.

Repression

Blocking painful or traumatic memories.

Rorschach Test

Inkblot test used to reveal hidden emotions.

Self-Actualization

Realizing one's full potential.

Self-Concept

How one perceives oneself.

Self-Efficacy

Belief in one's abilities to succeed.

Superego

The moral conscience within the personality.

Temperament

Inborn emotional style of an individual.

TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)

Projective test that involves storytelling.

Trait

A stable characteristic of personality.

Transference

Projecting feelings onto a therapist.

Unconscious

Mental processes not within conscious awareness.