HEARING AND BALANCE

what structures make up the outer ear

• auricle/lobule

• external acoustic meatus

• tympanic membrane

what is this region

auricle

what does the auricle

collects and directs soundwaves into the external acoustic meatus

what completes the formation of the auricle

lobule

what does this do

transmit soundwaves to the eardrum

what is this

tympanic membrane

what does the tympanic separate

outer and inner ear

what does the tympanic membrane do

what structure equalizes pressure in order for the tympanic membrane to vibrate properly

pharyngotympanic tube

true or false: this is the pharyngotympanic tube

true

25=

malleus

26=

incus

which ossicle connects to the oval window

stapes

what is this

stapedius muscle

what do the semicircular canals do

rotate during dynamic activity

when a ballerina spins in place, what semicircular canal activates

posterior

when a child does a summersault in gymnastics, what semicircular canal activates

anterior

when a child does a cartwheel, what semicircular canal is activated

lateral

#31

vestibule

#43

utricle

#42

saccule

balance nerves fuse with cochlear nerve that form

CN VIII

larger hair structure=

kinocilia

smaller hair structure=

stereocilia

kinocilia moving towards stereocilia causes

hyperpolarization

when stereocilia goes towards kino cilia, what happens

hair cells depolarize and send signals to brain

32

oval window

34

round window

what does the round window do

prevent the scattering of vibrational impulses

41

scala vestibule

what does the spiral organ of corti do

pick up soundwaves

what is 40

scala tympani

what does a pressure difference in the cochlea do

cause the basilar membrane to vibrate

45

vestibular nerve

what is the cochlea associated with

soundwaves

what is the stapes’ relationships with the oval window

after receiving vibrations from the malleus and incus, the stapes and oval window convert the mechanical vibration into fluid-filled vibrations

what membrane separates the scala vestibule from the scala media

vestibular membrane

what membrane separates the scala media from the scala tympani

basilar membrane

what does the basilar membrane detect

different sound frequencies/pitches

true or false: low frequencies do not sitmulate the basal layer

true

what frequency stimulates the basilar membrane, which causes the cilia to move

high

what structure modulates sounds

inner hairs

what is the cochlear duct called

scala media

what causes the hair cells to move

endolymph rushing in-between the hair cells and techorial membrane when the basilar membrane is vibrating

what is the large stereocilium called

kinocilium

what does the organ of corti consist of

techorial membran and hair cilia

what does the organ of corti do

transform vibrational waves into electrical sound waves for the primary auditory cortex to interpret

what structure transfers information from the organ of corti to the primary auditory cortex

cochlear branch of CN VIII

what is this

scala vestibuli

what is this

scala media

what is this

scala tympani

what separates the vestibular and cochlear ducts

vestibular membrane

what are the vestibules responsible for

static movement