Prokaryotes: Arches + Eubacteria

what are some characteristics of archea?

unique cell membranes (which are less rigid in arches) and walls, difference of composition, doesn’t cause diseases

what are extremophiles?

archea that live in hostile environments

what are thermophiles?

organisms that live in high temps

what are psychrophiles?

organisms that live in cold temps

what are halophiles?

organisms that live in salty areas

what are methanophiles?

organisms that like low oxygen environment and produce methane as waste

what is binary fission?

when organisms reproduce asexually and make 2 daughter cells, super fast, it’s not mitosis because it doesn’t have all of the organelles

what are some issues with binary fission?

no genetic diversity, when environmental conditions are bad, prokaryotes will just die

what is conjugation?

when two prokaryotes exchange DNA in their plasmids via a pillus, this is sexual reproduction

do prokaryotes prefer asexual or sexual reproduction?

asexual, but when conditions are bad, they sexually reproduce to increase genetic diversity

what is transformation?

when prokaryotes pick up pieces of DNA floating in the surrounding environment, the pieces could have been released when another organism dies

what is horizontal gene transfer?

when DNA picked up through conjugation or transformation is from a different species

what are endospores?

strucuture that forms around the nuclear region in a bacteria, allows bacteria survive bad conditions, and for a long time, NOT in archea