Cognition: Problem solving, & Decision making & Heuristics

Cognition: problem solving

Cognition: problem solving

Algorithmic approach

Guarantees a solution, address problems by attempting all possible solutions until the correct 1 is found

Heuristic approach

guessing what might happen based on what we already know, but we might not always be right

Decision making

can be influenced by prior experiences that were successful

Mental sets

approach problems in rigid ways, math: doing problems and doing them 2 how they taught you and continue doing it that way, but a new problem is solved differently

or circumstances surrounding a decision like

priming

influence how people respond , decision they make

Gambler’s fallacy

They lose, so it makes them think they have 2 keep playing until they win, think the probability will change

Sunk-cost fallacy

people won’t give up, put their whole expenses into it, and think their already too invested so they can’t give up ( Ex: reading a book)

Heuristics

Availability heuristics

Tendency 2 estimate the probability of certain events in terms of how readily they come 2 mind (what is vivid, distinct, stands out)

Representative heuristics

Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent or match particular stereotype (When you think of a nurse, you think of a woman, when you think of a bank robber, you think of a man)