Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Cell Structure

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts related to the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells based on the lecture notes.

Prokaryotes

Cells without a nucleus, including bacteria and archaea.

Eukaryotes

Cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Binary fission

The asexual reproduction process in prokaryotes where a cell divides into two identical cells.

Mitosis

A process of cell division in eukaryotes that results in two identical daughter cells.

Meiosis

A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four daughter cells; essential for sexual reproduction.

Ribosomes

Cellular structures that synthesize proteins, composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins.

Flagella

Long, whip-like appendages used by cells for movement.

Pili

Hair-like structures on the surface of bacteria that help in attachment and DNA transfer.

Peptidoglycan

A component of bacterial cell walls composed of sugars and amino acids that gives structure.

Endospores

Highly resistant structures that some bacteria form to survive extreme conditions.

Fluid mosaic model

A model that describes the structure of cell membranes as a mosaic of various components, including phospholipids and proteins.

Selective permeability

The property of a cell membrane that allows certain substances to enter or exit while blocking others.

Glycocalyx

A fuzzy-appearing coating surrounding the cell walls in some bacteria, contributing to protection and attachment.