Microbiology Lecture Review

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Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from microbiology lecture notes.

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29 Terms

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Oxygen tests

Uses oxygen as energy source; tested in unsealed tubes. Testing for aerobic respiration

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Fermentation

Occurs in sealed tubes with mineral oil to remove oxygen.

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Alpha Hemolysis

Bacterial cells damage RBCs, hemoglobin turns into methemoglobin; plate appears brownish.

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Beta Hemolysis

Bacterial cells damage RBCs; clearing around growth.

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Mannitol Salt Agar (Selective)

Selective due to 5% NaCl content.

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Mannitol Salt Agar (Differential)

Differential because mannitol fermentation releases acid end products, turning the plate yellow (acidic pH).

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DNase Test Positive Result

Clearing around growth; DNA is degraded, methyl green cannot bind.

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Bile Esculin Slant Positive Result

Appears all black due to esculin hydrolysis into esculetin, which releases sulfide that binds to iron.

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Durham Tube Bubbles

Indicates presence of non-soluble molecules such as O2, H2, or N2.

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Nitrate Reduction Test Positive Result (After Reagents)

Red color after adding reagents indicates nitrate was reduced. POS

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Nitrate Reduction Test Positive Result (After Zinc Dust)

Turns red signifies nitrate was reduced by zinc dust, not bacteria. NEG

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Citrate Slant Positive Result

Media turns blue due to increased pH (more basic) from citric acid removal.

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Methyl Red Test

Tests for mixed acid fermentation. Positive turns red

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Voges-Proskauer Test

Tests for 2,3-butanediol fermentation. Positive turns brown to red (Acetoin is present)

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Amylase

Breaks down starch into glucose.

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Starch Agar Test

Tests for the presence of amylase.

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Caseinase

Degrades casein (milk protein) into individual amino acids.

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Casein Hydrolysis Test

Tests for the presence of caseinase.

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Lipase

Degrades fats (triglycerides) into glycerol and fatty acids.

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Lipid Hydrolysis Test

Tests for exoenzyme lipase, using spirit blue agar (dark blue line if positive).

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Urease

Breaks down urea into 2 ammonia molecules and CO2.

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Urea Broth Test

Tests for the presence of urease (fuschia color at alkaline pH).

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Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) Agar

Tests for sugar fermentation and sulfide production from thiosulfate reduction.

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Sulfide Indole Motility (SIM) Test

Tests for sulfide production, indole production from tryptophan, and motility.

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Tryptophanase

Enzyme tested for in the SIM test that breaks down tryptophan into indole.

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Phenylalanine Deaminase

Enzyme tested in Phenylalanine slant test.

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Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB)

Tests for lactose and sucrose fermentation. Selective agents: Eosin Y and Methylene blue.

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MacConkey Agar (MAC)

Tests for lactose fermentation. Selective reagents: Bile salts and Crystal violet.

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Salmonella-Shigella Agar (SS)

Tests for lactose fermentation, Black colonies indicate that sulfareses are present in the media