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Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from microbiology lecture notes.
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Oxygen tests
Uses oxygen as energy source; tested in unsealed tubes. Testing for aerobic respiration
Fermentation
Occurs in sealed tubes with mineral oil to remove oxygen.
Alpha Hemolysis
Bacterial cells damage RBCs, hemoglobin turns into methemoglobin; plate appears brownish.
Beta Hemolysis
Bacterial cells damage RBCs; clearing around growth.
Mannitol Salt Agar (Selective)
Selective due to 5% NaCl content.
Mannitol Salt Agar (Differential)
Differential because mannitol fermentation releases acid end products, turning the plate yellow (acidic pH).
DNase Test Positive Result
Clearing around growth; DNA is degraded, methyl green cannot bind.
Bile Esculin Slant Positive Result
Appears all black due to esculin hydrolysis into esculetin, which releases sulfide that binds to iron.
Durham Tube Bubbles
Indicates presence of non-soluble molecules such as O2, H2, or N2.
Nitrate Reduction Test Positive Result (After Reagents)
Red color after adding reagents indicates nitrate was reduced. POS
Nitrate Reduction Test Positive Result (After Zinc Dust)
Turns red signifies nitrate was reduced by zinc dust, not bacteria. NEG
Citrate Slant Positive Result
Media turns blue due to increased pH (more basic) from citric acid removal.
Methyl Red Test
Tests for mixed acid fermentation. Positive turns red
Voges-Proskauer Test
Tests for 2,3-butanediol fermentation. Positive turns brown to red (Acetoin is present)
Amylase
Breaks down starch into glucose.
Starch Agar Test
Tests for the presence of amylase.
Caseinase
Degrades casein (milk protein) into individual amino acids.
Casein Hydrolysis Test
Tests for the presence of caseinase.
Lipase
Degrades fats (triglycerides) into glycerol and fatty acids.
Lipid Hydrolysis Test
Tests for exoenzyme lipase, using spirit blue agar (dark blue line if positive).
Urease
Breaks down urea into 2 ammonia molecules and CO2.
Urea Broth Test
Tests for the presence of urease (fuschia color at alkaline pH).
Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) Agar
Tests for sugar fermentation and sulfide production from thiosulfate reduction.
Sulfide Indole Motility (SIM) Test
Tests for sulfide production, indole production from tryptophan, and motility.
Tryptophanase
Enzyme tested for in the SIM test that breaks down tryptophan into indole.
Phenylalanine Deaminase
Enzyme tested in Phenylalanine slant test.
Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB)
Tests for lactose and sucrose fermentation. Selective agents: Eosin Y and Methylene blue.
MacConkey Agar (MAC)
Tests for lactose fermentation. Selective reagents: Bile salts and Crystal violet.
Salmonella-Shigella Agar (SS)
Tests for lactose fermentation, Black colonies indicate that sulfareses are present in the media