AP Bio Unit 6

Origi of Replication Description:

Point of the DNA where a “bubble” opens and replicates

Topimerase in DNA Replication

Relaxes supercoiling in DNA

DNA hellcase

unwinds and unzips dna

Leading Strand:

copied towards the replication fork, continuous

Lagging strand

discontinous, lags, leaving chunks

Okazai Fragments

Short pieces of DNA

DNA polymerase

Synthesizes new strands

Ligase

Joins “glues” fragments together on lagging strand

RNA Polymerase

Copies DNA sequences into RNA sequences

Prokyaryotic Includes

circular chromosomes

transcription occurs in cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Includes

multiple linear chromosomes

trasncription occurs in nucleus

Replication is a ….

Semi-conservative process: one strand of DNA serves as the template for a new strand of complementary DNA

Translation takes place in…

Ribosome

Gel Electrophoresis

Separates fragments based on size and charge to analyze DNA from experiments

Exons

Coding regions that remain and carry information need to produce proteins

Introns

Non-coding regions that are removed during RNA splicing

Alternative Splicing

Alternative splicing allows all three enzymes to be produced. If only enzyme is available for translation, then only enzyme  (which is not specific for the substrate) will be produced. Thus, the cell will not be able to perform a vital cellular function and it will die.