Protein Synthesis

Where is DNA located?

Nucleus

What are proteins made of?

Amino Acids

DNA to mRNA

Transcription

mRNA to protein

Translation

This DOES NOT occur in the nucleus

translation

What are nucleic acids made of?

Nucleotides

What part of the cell is responsible for building proteins?

Ribosome

Correct flow of genetic information?

DNA, mRNA, amino acid, protein

Code for making proteins

DNA

Carries the code for making proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

mRNA

Brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome

tRNA

macromolecules that give you traits

protein

is a monomer

amino acid

group of three mRNA nucleotides

codon

group of three tRNA nucleotides

anticodon

Where in the cell is mRNA made?

Nucleus

Where in the cell does mRNA do its work?

Cytoplasm

How a protein is folded or shaped determines its

function

1st step of protein synthesis

transcription

2nd step of protein synthesis

translation

changes DNA into mRNA

transcription

changes mRNA into an amino acid sequence (protein)

translation

happens in the nucleus

transcription

happens in the cytoplasm

translation

pairs an mRNA codon with a tRNA anticodon

translation

contains the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine & thymine. Is double stranded, found in the nucleus, contains the sugar deoxyribose

DNA

contains the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine & uracil. Is single stranded, found in the nucleus & cytoplasm, contains the sugar ribose

RNA

is found on the mRNA

there are 64 different ones

each one codes for an amino acid

is made up of 3 nucleotide bases

Codon

is the monomer of a protein

there are 20 different ones

is carried by a tRNA to the mRNA

some may have more than 1 codon

amino acid

a protein is denatured when..

the wrong temperature or pH disrupts the interactions that lead to the proper folding.

Amino acids are joined together by

peptide bonds

A gene mutation that places an early or premature STOP codon placed where it shouldn’t be

Nonsense Mutation

A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein that then produces a trait

Gene

A mutation that leads to a single amino acid change in a protein

Missense mutation

A single nitrogen base is changed, but the amino acid sequence remains the same

Silent mutation

A single nitrogen base is changed, resulting in a change to 1 amino acid

Base subsitution

Changes the reading frame by adding or deleting a base

Frameshift mutation

Gene mutations can happen as a result of

mutagens and replication errors