RT223 Basic Projections

50-70

Screening reduces breast ca mortality in ___ age group

• National or Local Screening Programmes

• Family history or surveillance

• Breast symptoms

• Additional views

• Sterotactic-guided needle biopsy & marker localization

• Screening research studies

• Follow-up mammography

Reasons why women attend a mammography unit

• Establishing rapport

• Explaining the procedure

• Relevant History

• Observing and Reporting clinical signs

Parts of pre-mammography discussion

Lateral/Axillary

Annotations should always be placed on the ___ edge and at the corner of the film away from the patient

Feet, arms, & spine

Correct positioning of ___ are crucial in producing high-quality diagnostic mammograms

Extreme medial portion, axillary tail

CC Projection demonstrates majority of breast tissue with the exclusion of the ___ and the ____

• Nipple is in profile

• Medial portion of the breast is on the film

• Shoulder is relaxed

• Image field covers all tissue in front of the thorax

(CC Projection) Using the light beam diaphragm, check that:

• Film holder too high

• Skin on underside of breast is caught at edge of film holder

• Excess loose skin on superior surface of breast

• Woman has a post-fixed nipple

Causes of nipple pointing downwards in CC projection

• Pad of fat/skin above upper outer quadrant

• Woman is leaning towards medial

• Beast is twisted

Cause for folds at the lateral aspect in CC projection

30%

In CC, pectoral muscle demonstrated at center of film on approximately __ of individuals

1 cm

Depth of breast tissue demonstrated should be equal to, or no more than less than _ cm

Lateral Oblique Mammogram

Carefully performed, the ___ is the only projection in which all the breast tissue can be demonstrated on one film

• The nipple is still in profile

• The inframammary angle is within the radiation field

(MLO Projection) Using the light beam diaphragm, check that:

The woman’s skin is caught on the table at the lateral aspect

Cause for nipple rotate towards breast support table in MLO projection

The hips and/or feet are rotated

Cause for nipple rotated towards tube in MLO Projection

• Hips and/or feet are rotated

• Woman is standing too far behind the table

Cause for inframammary angle not visualized

• Inframammary angle

• Nipple in profile

• Nipple lifted to level of lower border of pectoral muscle

• Pectoral muscle across film at an appropriate angle for individual woman (20-35° from vertical)

The 45° Medio-Lateral Oblique mammogram should demonstrate:

• 40° for a short, stocky woman

• 45° for average

• 50° for a tall woman of slim build

Approximate angles forming the horizontal

• Medially Rotated Cranio-caudal Projection

• Laterally Rotated Cranio-caudal Projection

• Extended Cranio-caudal Projection

• Medio-lateral Projection

• Latero-medial Projection

• Axillary Tail View

List of complimentary projections