Founding documents and political philosophers

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What was the law of code for Ancient babylon?

The code of Hammurabi

What did the Hammurabi code do?

Established a single, uniform code of law for the entire empire.

What was the first example of fundamental laws that are unchangeable?

Hammurabi’s code

What formed the basis of all western law because of the simple instructions on how to act against one another?

The Ten Commandments

What served as law for Hebrews of Palestine during biblical times?

The Ten Commandments

Who were the first to believe that law is by human diction?

The Greeks

What were the Greeks the first to do?

Pay a salary to elected officials

The Greeks allowed all male citizens to do what?

to serve in the assembly

Who had the first trial by jury? (in recorded history)

The Greeks

What did the Greeks allow?

The common people to serve in state office

Who was the inspiration behind the Senate?

The Romans

What is a senate?

a representative and powerful body

Who were the first to believe in Natural law? (basic rights should be extended to everyone in _____ rule).

The Romans

What was accepted in the middle ages?

Divine right of Kings

What does Divine right of kings mean?

Chosen by God and the king is ALWAYS right

What was the first attempt of a social contract?

Magna Carta

What provided the basic principle of limited government? (even a monarch is limited)

Magna Carta

The Magna Carta introduced what idea?

The idea of fundamental rights. (Trial by Jury, due process, protection against unjust punishment, loss of life, liberty, and property)

What put limits on the power of kings ( challenged divine right)?

The Petition of Rights

What did the Petition of Rights state?

The king must work with consent of parliament.

What basic rights for individuals were outlined by the Petition of Rights?

No taxation without representation, imprisonment without cause, housing soldiers, and martial law during peace time

The English Bill of Rights did what? (the Petition of Rights had the same idea)

Placed limits on absolute Monarchy

What document moved toward a constitutional/ parliamentary monarch, as well as provided individual protection.

The English Bill of Rights.

Who is the father of natural rights, as well as the first to introduce Social Contract Theory?

Thomas Hobes

What is the Social Contract Theory? (VERY IMPORTANT)

Citizens surrender liberty to government in exchange for protection from chaos

Who advocated for Natural rights, the Social Contract, as well as Popular Soverignty?

John Locke