Semester 1: U.S. History Final Review Guide

The 3 parts of the U.S. Constitution

Preamble, Articles of Confederation and Amendments

Checks and Balances

Equal rights to each branch of government

What is the Bill of Rights? What do they do?

The first 10 Amendments, they protect and give rights to the people of the nation.

Federalism

A system of government divided between central authorities.

Legislative Branch

Makes all laws, declares war, regulates interstate and foreign commerce and controls taxing and spending policies.

Executive Branch

Consists of the President, their advisors and various departments and agencies. Responsible for enforcing the laws of the land.

Judicial Branch

Deciding the meaning of laws, how to apply them to real situations, and whether a law breaks the rules of the Constitution.

Suffrage

The right to vote

Why was the Articles of confederation changed to the constitution?

It showed weakness, which later deveopled a stronger federal government with better federalism

Popular sovereignty

The people and states believe they have the right, because they can vote.

Constitution

Established the framework for the federal government, outlining its powers and structure.

What was the war of 1820? Who was fighting? Why was it called the Second Revolutionary War?

fought between the U.S. and Great Britain, because Great britain had their soldiers on American soil. it marks the last ever war between today called England and the United States.

Who was the president that believed in a strong executive branch and vetoed more bills than all prior presidents?

Andrew Jackson

States Rights Doctrine

The right of individual states to fight what proponents believe to be the encroaching power of the U.S. government.

Indian Removal Act

The removal of Native Americans in the east to the west

What state were the Native Americans relocated to after their removal?

Oklahoma

What tribe was the first to be moved following after the Indian Removal Act

Choctaw tribe

Nullification Crisis

South Carolina nullified a federal tariff that favored Northern manufacturing over southern agriculture.

Secede

To remove or leave from one

Fugitive Slave Act

A crime to help runaway slaves in free areas, it forced northerns into being part of slavery

The president of the confederate states.

Jefferson Davis

Reasons for the southern states to succession

• Election of 1860

• Issues about slavery

• Issues about state’s rights

Dred Scott vs Sanford

The court ruled that African American were not considered citizen rather property and therefore had no rights to sue in federal court. the congress did not have the power to banned slavery.

Election of 1860? Who ran? Who won? Impact of the election on the nation?

Abraham Lincoln ran against Stephen Douglas. Lincoln Won, the north would abolish slavery.

Norths advantage of the civil war

More people, railroad and more fincial center

South advantage of the civil war

Experienced military, troops are more prepared, south had better advantages of teh location.

Significance of Fort Sumter?

It begins the first fight

Winfield scott’s multipart strategy (Anaconda Plan):

• Blockade southern parts

• Seize richmond

• Control mississippi

First battle of the civil war

battle of Bull Run, confederates won

Robert E. Lee

American soldier, led the confederates forces after declining Lincolns request to lead the North

Ulysses S. Grant

Led the Union forces beginning in March 1864. accepted Lee´s surrender

Significance of the Battle of Antietam

A key turning point to the civil war

Abolistionist

a person who favors abolition of a practice or institution

Emancipation Proclamation

it claimed all people held as slaves are to be freed. it applied to the african american being forced to work become freed.

Abraham Lincoln

The 16th president of the united states. he made a stronger republican party and declared the emancipation proclamination.

Method the North used to pay for the war

income taxes and inflation

Gettysburg Address

A speech given by abraham lincoln, prasising the bravery of the union soldiers committed to winning the war.

54th Massachusetts

African American civil war regiments, who captured FT wagner in the South

President Johnson’s Reconstruction Pla

Reintegrate Southern states into the Union, but faced criticism for being lenient towards former Confederates.

Lincolns Reconstruction plan

Healing the nation, both north and the south

13th amendment

Freeing the slaves

14th amendment

Giving them citizenship

15th amendment

The right to vote for african americans

Jim crow laws

The laws of segregation

Reconstruction

Reorganizing the souther states after the civil war

Plessy vs Ferguson

An african american man had gone to trial for sitting on a white only railroad. This later made the supreme court rule that segregation was constitutional

Capitalism

A economic system in which factories, equipment and other means production are privately owned rather thank controlled by government

Bessemer Process

Mass production of steel from molten iron before the devolemt of the open hearth furnace

Monopoly

accompany that completely dominates, a particular industry in production or in selling the good / service

vertical integration

owner being in charge of everything, EX: Andrew Carnegie attempting to own the mind, production of iron, the trains and the steel mills

Entrepreneur

A person who organizes an operated business or businesses

Sherman antitrust act

The rule of free competition, amongst these engaged in commerce

Division labor

it increased the growth of output in trade the rise of capitalism in the industrialized process

role/purpose of labor unions

being able to negotiate wages/ pays, benefit, and work conditions

for what reason were children used as laborers in factories?

they were small and good for small areas and they paid them less

strike

When people from a group or units, stop doing their duties and protest against it

push and pull fact

• push factor: no work, war no religious freedom and no freedom

• poll, factor, new opportunities, freedom of right and religion

Angel Island

slower process Asian immigrants mostly Chinese immigrants West Coast

Ellis Island

Faster process, European immigrants came, Americas largest and most active immigration station and in the East Coast

steerage

The least fair to pay to come to America, the lowest part of the ship, dirty, horrible place, and not taking care of

Settlement house

immigrant place to get help with education and healthcare daycare. A place to help immigrants when they first come

Nativism

The belief that native born Americans should be prized more

Chinese exclusion

it banded people from China to not be able to migrate to America later restricted immigration

Americanization

The idea to protect the value and culture tradition of American, because immigrants might ruin it