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figurative language
all phrases or words that make comparisons
figure of speech
an individual phrase that makes a comparison
simile
a comparison that uses like or as
metaphor
a comparison that doesn’t use like or as
allusion
a reference to another literary work
alliteration
peter piper picked a peck - repetition of the first consonant sound
personification
when an inhuman thing takes on human-like characteristics
hyperbole
extreme exaggeration
pentameter
5 beats in a line of poetry; some balanced sonnets are written in this
sonnet
14 line poem - most sonnets are comprised of 3 quatrains and a couplet
shakespeare
a sonnet written in ABAB, CDCD, EFEF, GG is written in this poet’s style
stanza
a group of lines together in a poem
quatrain
four lines grouped together in a poem
couplet
two lines grouped together in a poem
symbol
when one thing represents something else in a poem
meter
the number of beats in a line of poetry; the rhythm
foot
one beat in a line of poetry
free verse
a poem with no rhythm scheme
blank verse
unrhymed iambic pentameter
rhyme
when the words at the end of a line of poetry sound alike
prose
all writing that is not poetry
poetry
writing in its most creative imaginative form
consonance
when there is similar consonant sounds in a line of poetry
assonance
when there is a similar vowel sounds in a line of poetry
onomatopoeia
when there is a word in a poem that sounds like what it does. ex. splash!
colloquial
conversational language in a poem
informal
when the language in the poem is everyday possibly using slang or cliches
formal
when the language in a poem is academic and eloquent
tone
the attitude of the poet
oxymoron
two opposite words together in a poem
paradox
two opposite ideas that somehow make sense in a poem
apostrophe
when a poet addresses something or someone that is not there to make a dramatic introduction
allegory
when every element in a poem or story including characters have symbolic meaning
connotation
when a meaning must be inferred by the reader
denotation
when the poet tells you exactly what he wants you to know
dialogue
conversation between people in a work
refrain
a repeating group of lines in a poem
dramatic monologue
a poem written in the form of a speech of an individual character; it compresses into a single vivid scene a narrative sense of the speaker's history and psychological insight into his character
narrative
a type of poem which tells a story
lyrical
to a short poem, often with songlike qualities, that expresses the speaker's personal emotions and feelings
Note 
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