chapter17 quiz

microbiology

Which type of adaptive immunity does the following statement describe? This type of immunity is acquired via injection of antibodies from an individual or host that has immunological memory to the specific pathogen or antigen.

artificially acquired passive immunity

Which of the following destroys virus-infected cells?

CTL

What type of immunity results from vaccination?

artificially acquired active immunity

What type of immunity results from recovery from mumps?

naturally acquired active immunity

Consider a helminthic infection in which an individual is infected or invaded by a parasitic worm. The worm is too big to be engulfed by a phagocytic cell. How does the immune system respond?

The worm gets coated with antibodies, which activate other cells in the immune system to secrete chemicals that kill it. This is referred to as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

Which of the following antibody classes play a role in allergic reactions?

IgE. IgE antibodies play a role in allergic reactions and possibly in lysing parasitic worms.

An antibody's Fc region can be bound by:

macrophages

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of B cells?

They recognize antigens associated with MHC I.

Which of the following statements about natural killer cells is FALSE?

They are stimulated by an antigen.

Which of the following is the best definition of epitopes?

Specific regions on antigens that interact with antibodies

When an antibody binds to a toxin, the resulting action is referred to as:

neutralization

Which of the following cells is NOT an APC?

natural killer cells

Overall, which of the following cytokines would be most involved in increasing the fever response?

Interleukin-1. When immune cells sense pathogens, Interleukin-1 is produced, acting on the hypothalamus to increase fever and inflammatory processes.

The region of the antibody that binds the antigen is the:

variable region. It is found at the top of the Y structure, different for every antibody, and specific to only one antigen.

What would a virally infected skin epithelial cell have on its cell surface?

Class I MHC with skin cell antigens

Which of the following most accurately describes the characteristics of MHCII molecules in mounting the antibody response?

found on APC, present exogenous antigens, activate T helper cells

Which type of adaptive immunity does the following statement describe? This type of immunity is acquired when a person is vaccinated for a specific type of infection via the introduction of antigens. These antigens normally have undergone some type of modification and may not confer the same type of long-lasting memory that would occur with unmodified antigens.

artificially acquired active immunity

Which receptor on the helper T-cell recognizes the specific antigen from an antigen-presenting cell?

TCR

How do phagocytes communicate to other cells what they have captured?

They present antigens from engulfed foreign cells.

Choose the answer that most accurately describes the role of T helper cells in mounting the antibody response.

T helper cells aid the antibody response by binding to the B cell MHCII/protein complex and secreting cytokines like IL-4.

Why would a body cell that is not a phagocyte need to present antigens?

Non-phagocytic body cells can become infected with a virus.

Which type of cell directly attacks infected cells?

Cytotoxic T cells

The variable region of the antibody is solely responsible for the response to the significant diversity of antigens.

false

Which type of cell would be used in the adaptive immune response against a helminth?

T_H2 cells

How is the secondary response different from the primary response in terms of antibody concentration in the blood?

The secondary response is faster and produces more antibodies than the primary response.This is due to the presence of memory B cells that were generated during the primary response, allowing for a more efficient and robust immune reaction.

Which of the following statements is not true?

The constant region of a heavy chain is the same for all antibodies.

Which of the following statements is not a possible outcome of antigen-antibody binding reaction?

clonal deletion

ADCC is a process that is most effective in destroying:

eukaryotic pathogens

An antibody's Fc region can be bound by:

macrophages

An individual may be exposed to a pathogen and become infected without getting sick. This is known as a subclinical infection. Even in subclinical infections, the individual's adaptive immune system can generate memory for the pathogen. What type of adaptive immunity is this?

Naturally acquired active immunity

Antibodies are a part of which type of immunity?

Humoral

Cytokines are chemical messengers that allow for communication between cells of the immune system.

true

Which immunoglobulin class, found in blood, lymph, and the intestine, can cross the placenta and help to protect a fetus?

IgG

Which event happens first during cytotoxic T-cell activation?

CD8 binds to MHC molecules of infected cells

Which proteins on the antigen-presenting cell are recognized by the helper T-cell?

major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II molecules

Plasma cells are activated by a(n):

Antigen

The primary immune response involves:

a slow rise in the concentration of antibodies, followed by a gradual decline.

There are a variety of lymphocytes involved in the adaptive response, each with a specific function. One of the subsets of cells essential in the adaptive response is T helper cells. Choose the answer that most accurately describes the role of T helper cells in mounting the antibody response.

T helper cells aid the antibody response by binding to the B cell MHCII/protein complex and secreting cytokines like IL-4.

Consider a helminthic infection in which an individual is infected or invaded by a parasitic worm. The worm is too big to be engulfed by a phagocytic cell. How does the immune system respond?

The worm gets coated with antibodies, which activate other cells in the immune system to secrete chemicals that kill it.

Large antibodies that agglutinate antigens are:

known as IgM antibodies.

The variable region of the antibody is solely responsible for the response to the significant diversity of antigens.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

The presence of which of the following indicates a current infection rather than a previous infection or vaccination?

igM antibodies

Which of the following recognizes antigens displayed on host cells with MHC II?

T_H cell

Which of the following is the best definition of epitopes?

Specific regions on antigens that interact with antibodies

What is apoptosis?

The process of programmed cell death.

Antibodies are a part of which type of immunity?

they are part of the acquired immunity, specifically the humoral immune response.

The specificity of an antibody is due to:

the variable portions of the H and L chains

In the primary immune response, the _____ antibody class is produced first, followed by production of the longer lasting _____ antibody class.

IgM, IgG

What is the function of the CD8 receptor?

Bind to MHC molecules

Which of the following is mismatched?

Tumor necrosis factor — stimulate tumor metastasis

Large antibodies that agglutinate antigens are:

IgM antibodies

What is the correct sequence of events for activation of a B cell by a T-dependent antigen?

(1) Immunoglobulin receptors on the B cell recognize and bind the antigen. 

(2) An antigen fragment in complex with MHC class 2 is displayed on the B cell's surface. 

(3) The MHC-antigen complex binds a receptor on a helper T-cell. 

(4) The helper T-cell secretes cytokines that activate the B cell.

Which of the following statements about cytokines is incorrect?

There are 10 types.

mmune cells that secrete cytokines and activate other immune cells are:

Helper T-cells

There are a variety of lymphocytes involved in the adaptive response, each with a specific function. One of the subsets of cells essential in the adaptive response is T helper cells. Choose the answer that most accurately describes the role of T helper cells in mounting the antibody response.

T helper cells aid the antibody response by binding to the B cell MHCII/protein complex and secreting cytokines like IL-4.

An antibody's Fc region can be bound by:

macrophages