Chapter 5: Beginnings of an American Identity (1689-1763) - NO IMAGES

apprentice

A person who learns a trade from an experienced craftsman.

Great Awakening

Religious movement in the 1730's-40's. Preached inner religious emotion being more important than outward religious behavior. It inspired colonists to help other colonists.

Jonathan Edwards

Best-known preacher: He terrified audiences with images of God's anger, but promised they could be saved.

George Whitefield

Preacher who attracted many people to hear him. He raised funds to start a home for orphans. He encouraged ideas of equality and the right to challenge authority.

Enlightenment

An intellectual movement that began in Europe, it appealed mostly to wealthy,
educated men, and it emphasized reason and science as paths to knowledge.

Benjamin Franklin

Enlightenment thinker who used reason to improve society, inventor, thinker, philosopher; invented the lightning rod to protect buildings

John Locke

English philosopher of the Enlightenment that argued that people have natural rights, these are the rights to life, liberty, and property, that people create governments to protect their natural rights.

Magna Carta

Means Great Charter
-signed in 1215 by King John in England, it was the
first step in guaranteeing English rights to nobles and it limited the powers of the king.

Parliament

Parliament-the chief lawmaking body of England that eventually came about as a result of the
Magna Carta being signed, it was the colonists' model for representative government.

Edmund Andros

Royal governor that ruled over the Northern colonies. He ended colonies' representative assemblies and allowed the town meetings to be held only once a year.

Glorious Revolution

When the English Parliament overthrew King James II in 1688 and restored the monarchy to Mary and William of Orange. After this the colonies regained some self-government.

English Bill of Rights

Document of 1689 in which Mary and William agreed to uphold, it established an important principle: the government was to be based on laws made by Parliament. It was an agreement to respect the rights of English citizens and of Parliament. The king or queen could not cancel laws or impose taxes unless Parliament agreed.

Salutary Neglect

Means beneficial neglect, it was the hands-off policy of England of interfering very little in colonial affairs during the first half of the 1700s. Because of this colonists got used to acting on their own.

John Peter Zenger

Zenger-publisher of the New-York Weekly Journal, in 1735 he stood trial for printing
criticism of the governor of New York, the jury found that people had the right to speak the truth, the trial led toward colonists gaining a new right, the freedom of the press.

French and Indian War

French and English colonies in America were fighting over control over the land in America. With the help of each of the sides allies, they attacked each others' forts and settlements.
The war would decide which nation would control the norther and eastern parts of North America. Britain's victory forced France to give up its North American Colonies.

Albany Plan of Union

First formal proposal to unite the colonies together. The plan called that each colony send a representative to the Grand Council for a meeting. They would be able to collect taxes, raise armies, make treaties, and start new settlements.

Battle of Quebec

British attacked New France's capital: Quebec. Battle won by the British over the French and the turning point of the French and Indian War.

Treaty of Paris

Because England had won the war, France and England created a treaty that said: England claimed the land east of the Mississippi River in North America as their own. Treaty ended French power in N. America

Pontiac's Rebellion

A revolt against British forts and American settlers in 1763, led in part by Ottawa leader, Pontiac (Native American) in response to settlers' claims of Native American lands and to harsh treatment by British soldiers.

Proclamation of 1763

This law would not allow colonists to settle farther west than the Appalachian Mountains.