Module 1 America, Africa, and Europe before 1500

Bering Land Bridge

A strip of land connecting Alaska with Russia that emerged from under water around 38,000 BC

Paleo-Indians

The first Americans who crossed from Asia into North America sometime between 38,000 and 10,000 BC

Migrations

The movement of people from one region to another

Hunter-Gatherers

A person who hunts animals and gathers wild plants to provide for his or her needs

Environments

The climate and landscape that surrounds living things.

Culture

A group's set of common values and traditions.

Pueblos

Above ground houses made of heavy clay called adobe that were built by Native Americans of the southwestern United States

Kivas

Underground ceremonial chambers at the center of Anasazi Communities

Totems

Images of ancestors or animal spirits carved onto tall, wooden poles by Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest.

Teepees

Cone-shaped shelters made of buffalo skins used by Native Americans in the Plains Region

Matrilineal

Related to ancestry traced through the maternal or mother's line

Iroquois League

A political confederation of five northeastern Native American Nations of the Seneca, Oneida, Mohawk, Cayuga, and Onondaga that made decisions concerning war and peace

Berbers

A group of people from northern Africa

Mansa Musa

Mali's most famous rulers

Hajj

A pilgrimage to Mecca made by devout Muslims

Mosques

Buildings used for Muslims prayer

Askia the Great

Devout Muslim who supported education and learning

Socrates

A great teacher-wanted to make people think and question their own beliefs

Plato

A philosopher and teacher-wrote a work called "The Republic"

Aristotle

Taught that people should live their lives based on reason, or clear and ordered thinking

Reason

Clear and ordered thinking

Democracy

A form of government in which people rule themselves

Knights

Warriors who fought on horseback in return for land from nobles

Black Death

A series of plagues that killed about 25 million people in Europe starting in 1347

Michelangelo

One of the greatest Renaissance Artist-known for work in the fields of painting, sculpture, and architecture.

Leonardo da Vinci

Inventor, engineer, and mapmaker-One of the greatest Renaissance Artist

Johannes Gutenberg

German man that developed a printing press that used moveable type

Joint-stock companies

Business in which a group of people invest together