Nerves of the Upper Extremity

Cranial Nerve XI

Accessory Nerve

Function of Accessory Nerve

Motor innervation of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle

What roots exist in the brachial plexus?

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

What nerves come off the brachial plexus from the “root level”

Dorsal Scapular Nerve, and Long Thoracic Nerve

Dorsal Scapular Nerve segments

C4-C5

function of Dorsal Scapular Nerve

Postganglionic sympathetic and motor innervation to levator scapulae and rhomboid muscles

Long Thoracic Nerve segments

C5-C7

function of Long Thoracic Nerve

Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation to serratus anterior muscle

What exists at the trunk level?

Upper trunk (C5-C6), Middle trunk (C7), Lower trunk (C8-T1)

What nerves come off the brachial plexus at the “trunk” level?

Suprascapular Nerve, Subclavian Nerve

Suprascapular Nerve segments

C4-C6

function of Suprascapular Nerve

Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles

Subclavian Nerve segments

C5-C6

function of Subclavian Nerve

Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation to the subclavius muscle

How many divisions are there?

Two from each trunk, anterior and posterior

What are the cords of the brachial plexus

Lateral cord, Posterior cord, Medial cord

What nerves come off the Lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

Lateral Pectoral Nerve, Musculocutaneous Nerve

Lateral Pectoral Nerve segments

C5-C7

function of Lateral Pectoral Nerve

Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation of the pectoralis major (clavicular head) and minor muscles

Musculocutaneous Nerve segments

C5-C7

What is musculocutaneous nerve broken into?

Muscular branches of the arm and Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the forearm

function of Muscular branches of Musculocutaneous Nerve

Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation of the biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and brachialis muscles

function of Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the forearm (from Musculocutaneous Nerve)

Sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the lateral aspect of the forearm

What makes up the Median Nerve

Lateral Root from lateral cord and Medial Root from medial cord

Median Nerve segments

C5-T1

function of Muscular branches in the forearm (Median Nerve)

Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation of the flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, and pronator teres muscles

Where does the Anterior Interosseous Nerve branch from?

Median Nerve

function of Anterior Interosseous Nerve

Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation of the flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, and pronator quadratus muscles

function of Palmar Cutaneous Branch of Median Nerve

Sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the radial aspect of the palm of the hand

function of Muscular Branches in the hand of Median Nerve

Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation of the lateral two lumbrical muscles

Recurrent Branch of Median Nerve segments

C6-T1

function of Recurrent Branch of Median Nerve

Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation of the flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis and opponens pollicis muscles

function of Common and Proper Palmar Digital Nerves

Sensory, and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying digits 1-4

What nerves come off the Medial Cord of the brachial plexus?

Medial Pectoral Nerve, Medial Cutaneous Nerve of the Arm, Medial Cutaneous Nerve of the Forearm, Ulnar Nerve

Medial Pectoral Nerve segemnts

C8-T1

function of Medial Pectoral Nerve

Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation of the Pectoralis major (sternocostal head) and minor muscles

segments for Medial Cutaneous Nerves of the Arm and Forearm

C8-T1

function of Medial Cutaneous Nerves of the Arm and Forearm

Sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the medial aspects of the arm and forearm

Ulnar Nerve segments

C7-T1

function of Muscular Branches in the Forearm of Ulnar Nerve

Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris and Flexor Digitorum Profundus muscles

function of the Palmar (Cutaneous) Branch of the Ulnar Nerve

Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the ulnar side of the palm; Common Palmar Digital Nerves supply digits 4-5

function of the Dorsal (Cutaneous) Branch of the Ulnar Nerve

Sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the dorsal surfaces of digits 4-5

Deep (Terminal) Branch of Ulnar Nerve segments

C8-T1

function of Deep (Terminal Branch) of Ulnar Nerve

Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation of the abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens digiti minimi, palmar interossei, dorsal interossei, medial two lumbrical, and adductor pollicis muscles

What nerves come off the Posterior Cord of the Brachial plexus?

Upper Subscapular Nerve, Thoracodorsal Nerve, Lower Subscapular Nerve, Axillary Nerve, Radial Nerve

Upper Subscapular Nerve segments

C5-C6

function of Upper Subscapular Nerve

Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation of the Subscapularis muscles

Thoracodorsal Nerve segments

C6-C8

function of Thoracodorsal Nerve

Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation of the Latissimus Dorsi muscle

Lower Subscapular Nerve segments

C5-C6

function of Lower Subscapular Nerve

Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation of the Subscapularis and Teres Major muscles

Axillary Nerve segments

C5-C6

function of Muscular Branches of Axillary Nerve

Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation of the Deltoid and Teres Minor muscles

function of Superior Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Arm branch from Axillary Nerve

Sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the superior lateral aspect of the arm

Radial Nerve segments

C5-T1

function of Muscular Branches in the Arm off Radial Nerve

Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation of the Triceps Brachii, and Brachialis Muscles

function of Muscular Branches (deep radial nerve, and posterior interosseous nerves) in the forearm off Radial Nerve

Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor innervation of the anconeus, brachioradialis, supinator, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor indicis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus muscles

function of Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of the Forearm off Radial Nerve

Sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation off the skin overlying the posterior aspect of the forearm

function of Superficial (Terminal) Branch of Radial Nerve

Sensory and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the radial side of the dorsum of the hand