CHAPTER 17-MCGRAW HILL

Most hormones are made of chains of amino acids and are therefore

proteins

Thyroid hormone is somewhat unique in that it is a

biogenic amine that is lipid-soluble

The reaction time for endocrine effects is generally measured in milliseconds. T or F

False

When the effects of one hormone reinforce the activity of another hormone on the same target cell, the interaction is said to be

synergistic

Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system has

more widespread and long-lasting effects

When the effects of water-soluble hormones on their target cells are considered, the hormone itself is

the first messenger

Which is NOT characteristic of the endocrine system?

Recovery time: rapid, immediate return to prestimulation level

Which type of hormone requires a carrier protein in the blood?

Lipid-soluble hormone

Steroid hormones are lipids, derived from

cholesterol.

Protein hormones are

water-soluble

Endocrine glands

All of the choices are correct

Eicosanoids are a primary type of local hormone. T or F

True

All hormone secretion is under the direct control of the hypothalamus. T or F

False

Aldosterone release can be triggered by the presence of the blood-borne messenger angiotensin II or by low levels of sodium, and so its secretion regulation is said to be

both hormonal and humoral

Glucagon and insulin work _blank on blood glucose levels.

antagonistically

Parathyroid hormone release depends on blood levels of calcium. Such an endocrine reflex is said to be initiated by

humoral stimulation

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted by the

anterior pituitary, and it targets follicular cells of the thyroid gland

Which hormones are collectively called the gonadotropins?

Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

Which is NOT correct regarding growth hormone (GH)?

GH stimulates the kidney to secrete somatomedin

Thyroid hormone's effects are to

increase metabolic rate and body temperature by increasing protein synthesis in target cells

Insulin causes a(n) blank in glycogenesis in the liver and a(n) blank in lipogenesis in adipose.

increase, increase

The release of hormones from the adrenal cortex is stimulated by

adrenocorticotropic hormone

The thymus gland secretes erythropoietin in response to low blood oxygen. T or F

False

The two hormones released from the posterior pituitary are

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

As growth hormone levels in the blood increase,

glycogenolysis increases

The hypothalamic hormone that triggers the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is

corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Where are the target cells for follicle-stimulating hormone?

Ovaries and testes

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) is one of the regulatory hormones released by the hypothalamus that acts on the pituitary. T or F

True

The primary function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is to

stimulate glucocorticoid release from the adrenal glands

In most of its target cells, cortisol blank glucose uptake and blank protein metabolism.

decreases, increases

Exercise causes a(n) blank in growth hormone (GH) levels; a rise in amino acid levels or decrease in glucose levels causes a(n) blank in GH levels.

increase, increase

A lack of dietary iodine can render the thyroid gland unable to synthesize TH. Without the negative feedback of TH, the anterior pituitary _blank, ultimately resulting in the development of a goiter.

will increase the release of TSH

Which hormone induces its target cells to take up glucose, thereby lowering blood glucose levels?

Insulin

In response to high blood glucose, the pancreas releases insulin to enable glucose to enter body cells. When the blood glucose level returns to normal, insulin release stops. This is an example of regulation by

negative feedback

Growth hormone

stimulates gluconeogenesis

The hormones that come from the posterior pituitary

are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are released from the posterior pituitary when nerve signals arrive