The Civilization of Ancient Rome

Practice flashcards based on lecture notes about Ancient Rome, covering founding myths, geography, early peoples, government structure, military expansions, and significant historical figures.

What is the legendary story of the founding of Rome?

Rome was said to be founded by twin brothers Romulus and Remus, who were raised by a she wolf.

Who was the first king of Rome?

Romulus became the first king after killing his brother Remus.

What geographical advantage did Rome have?

Rome was built on seven hills, making it easier to defend.

What were the main early peoples of Rome?

The Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans contributed to early Roman culture.

What was the role of the Twelve Tables in Roman society?

The Twelve Tables were a written law code that assured citizens of fair law administration.

What type of government was established with the Roman Republic?

A republic where citizens elected leaders to make governmental decisions.

What were patricians and plebeians in the Roman Republic?

Patricians were aristocratic landowners with most power, while plebeians were common citizens with the right to vote.

What major military reform did Rome implement during its expansion?

Rome replaced phalanx warfare with smaller, more flexible divisions such as legions and maniples.

Who was Cincinnatus and what is he known for?

A farmer and dictator who returned to farming after leading Rome to victory, compared to George Washington.

What triggered the Punic Wars?

Rome's desire for expansion beyond Italy led to conflicts with Carthage.

What was significant about Hannibal in the Second Punic War?

Hannibal was a brilliant Carthaginian commander who crossed the Alps to attack Rome.

What happened during the Third Punic War?

Rome besieged and destroyed Carthage in 146 B.C., selling survivors into slavery.

What percentage of Rome's population were slaves?

About one-third of Rome's population were slaves.

Who was Spartacus?

A slave trained as a gladiator who led a major revolt against Rome from 73 to 71 B.C.

What reforms did Tiberius Gracchus attempt?

He sought land redistribution to narrow the gap between the rich and poor but was murdered.

What was Gaius Gracchus's proposal regarding Roman citizenship?

He proposed extending full Roman citizenship to all Roman subjects.