Frucht Medical terminology chapter 8

bas/o

base

coagul/o

clotting

eosin/o

rosy red

erythr/o

red

hem/o

blood

hemat/o

blood

lymph/o

lymph

leuk/o

white

neutr/o

neutral

thromb/o

clot

cyt/o

cell

embol/o

plug

glyc/o

sugar

lip/o

fat

path/o

disease

phleb/o

vein

septic/o

infection

red blood cell

erythrocyte

white blood cell

leukocyte

platelets

thrombocyte

anemia

group of blood disorders involving either a reduction in number of circulating erythrocytes or amount of hemoglobin in RBC’s; results in decreased oxygen delivery to tissues

anticoagulant

any substance that prevents clot formation

aplastic anemia

severe form of anemia caused by loss of functioning red bone marrow; results in decrease in number of all blood cells; may require bone marrow transplant

autotransfusion

collecting and storing ones own blood to use to replace blood lost during surgery

blood culture and sensitivity

blood specimen incubated to check for bacterial growth; if bacteria are present they are identified and best antibiotic treatment is determined

blood transfusion

transfer of blood from one person to another

bone marrow aspiration

removal of a small sample of bone marrow by needle and examined for diseases such as leukemia or aplastic anemia.

bone marrow transplant

patient receives red bone marrow donation after own bone marrow is destroyed by radiation or chemotherapy

coagulate

formation of blood clot

complete blood count (CBC)

comprehensive blood test that includes RBC count, WBC count, hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), WBC differential, and platelet count.

embolus

Called a floating clot. Usually a piece of thrombus breaks away and floats through the bloodstream until it blocks a small blood vessel. 

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

blood test that measures rate at which RBC’s settle out of blood to form sediment at the bottom of a test tube; indicates presence of an inflammatory disease

hematocrit

blood test that measures volume of RBC’s within total volume of blood

hematoma

collection of blood under skin as a result of blood escaping into tissue from damaged blood vessel. Commonly called a bruise. 

hemoglobin

blood test that measures amount of hemoglobin present in given volume of blood

hemophilia

inherited lack of a vital clotting factor; results in almost complete inability to stop bleeding.

iron-deficiency anemia

anemia resulting when there is not enough iron to build hemoglobin for RBC’s 

leukemia

cancer of leukocyte forming red blood marrow; patient has a large number of abnormal and immature leukocytes circulating in the blood

pernicious anemia

anemia resulting when digestive system absorbs insufficient amount of vitamin B12 which is necessary for erythrocyte production

phlebotomy

removal of blood specimen from vein for laboratory tests; also called venipuncture

platelet count

blood test that determines number of platelets in given volume of blood

polycythemia vera

condition characterized by too many erythrocytes; blood becomes to thick to flow easily through blood vessels.

prothrombin time

blood test that measures how long it takes for clot to form after prothrombin, a blood-clotting protein, is activated

red blood cell count (RBC)

blood test that determines number of erythrocytes in a volume of blood; decrease may indicate anemia; increase may indicate polycythemia vera. 

septicemia

presence of bacteria or their toxins in the bloodstream; commonly called blood poisoning

sequential multiple analyzer computer (SMAC)

machine that performs multiple blood chemistry tests automatically

serum

blood that has had formed elements and clotting factors removed

sickle cell anemia

inherited blood cell disorder in which erythrocytes take on an abnormal curve or sickle shape; cells are fragile and easily damaged resulting in anemia; occurs almost exclusively in persons of African descent. 

thalassemia

inherited blood disorder in which body is unable to correctly make hemoglobin, resulting in anemia.

thrombolytic therapy

administering medication to dissolve blood clot and restore circulation

white blood cell count

blood test that determines number of leukocytes in a given volume of blood; increase may indicate infection or leukemia; decrease may be caused by some diseases, radiation, or chemotherapy. 

white blood cell differential

blood test determines number of each type of leukocyte.

basos

basophils

BMT

bone marrow transplant

diff

differential

eosins, eos

eosinophils

ESR, SR, sed rate

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

HCT, Hct, crit

hematocrit

Hgb, Hb, HGB

hemoglobin

lymphs

lymphocytes

monos

monocytes

PA

pernicious anemia

PMN, polys

polymorphonuclear neutrophils

PT,pro-time

prothrombin time

segs

segmented neutrophils

SMAC

sequential multiple analyzer computer

CBC

complete blood count

C&S

blood culture and sensitivity

RBC

red blood cell, red blood cell count

WBC

white blood cell