Organizational behavior Exam 2

Openness to Experience

Tendency to speak out, and try new things

Conscientiousness

Hard working, organized and dependable

Extraversion

Sociable

Agreeableness

warm, agreeable, cooperative

Neuroticism

Insecure, anxious, nervouse

Workplace stressors

Hindrance Stressors

Challenge stressors

Hinderence stressors

Bad stressors

Role ambiguity

Role conflict

Challenge stressors

Good stressors

Psychological hardiness

1. Physical fitness

2. Commitment

3. Control

4. Social connectedness

5. Challenge

Bounded rationality

• our brains’ limitations constrain our thinking and reasoning ability, and thus it is impossible to consider simultaneously all the information that is relevant to any decision or problem.

satisficing

choosing an acceptable solution to a problem rather than an optimal one

The rational decision-making model

Problems

Alternatives

decide

Implement

learn

Nominal group technique

Brainstorming ideas as a group and working together to make the best one

equifinality

there are multiple ways to get to where you need to go

• Devil's advocate approach

which increases debate and explores a problem from many angles

• Fundamental attribution bias

we tend to overattribute behavior to internal rather than external causes

• Self-serving bias

attribute personal successes to internal causes and personal failures to external causes

• Representative bias

leads us to pay more attention to descriptors we believe are representative of people or situations than to the key base rate information that leads to the better choice

• Anchoring and adjustment bias

The tendency to provide estimates based on the initial starting estimate, regardless of its accuracy

Ethos

appeal based on the authority and credibility of the speaker

Pathos

Appeal to the audiences emotions

Logos

appeal based on local arguments, facts, figures, and evidence

• Effective feedback

influence future behavioral change

Be specific

Focus on the problem rather than the person

avoid absolutes

Maximize absolute feedback; minimize relative feedback and comparisons to others

act promptly

focus on the future

Include information for improvement

ABC method

assigning an A to a high-priority item, a B to an item of medium priority, and a C to low-priority items.

2 minute method

any time demand that will take less than two minutes should be done now