States of Matter and Gas Laws

Flashcards covering key concepts about the states of matter, gas laws, atomic structure, and chemical bonding.

What is matter?

Matter is anything that has weight and occupies space.

What are the three states of matter?

The three states of matter are gaseous, liquid, and solid.

What are the characteristics of gases?

Gases are highly expansible, easily compressed, and exert pressure.

What is the relationship between volume and pressure according to Boyle's Law?

At constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure.

What does Charles's Law state about the volume of gas?

At constant pressure, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its temperature.

What is Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure?

The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases.

What does Avogadro's Law state?

Equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of particles.

What is Graham's Law of diffusion?

The diffusion of a gas at a given temperature is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight.

What is the ideal gas law formula?

PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas constant, and T is temperature.

What are the three types of subatomic particles in an atom?

Protons (positive charge), neutrons (neutral charge), and electrons (negative charge).

What is the atomic number?

The atomic number is the number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom.

What are isotopes?

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers due to variations in the number of neutrons.

What is an ionic bond?

An ionic bond is formed when an atom with low ionization potential combines with an atom with high electron affinity, resulting in the formation of charged ions.

What is a covalent bond?

A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons between them.

What are the properties of ionic compounds?

Ionic compounds have high melting/boiling points, are brittle, conduct electricity when molten or in solution, and usually do not dissolve in organic solvents.

What characterizes covalent compounds?

Covalent compounds typically exist as molecules, are often gases or volatile liquids, and are soluble in organic solvents.

What is metallic bonding?

Metallic bonding binds the atoms of a pure metal together or holds atoms in two or more metals together in an alloy.

What is hydrogen bonding?

Hydrogen bonding is a strong type of intermolecular force found in hydrogen-containing compounds, involving electrostatic attraction between hydrogen and highly electronegative atoms like F, O, or N.