Approaches to Designing

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What are design strategies?

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41 Terms

1

What are design strategies?

Philosophies that guide how the design process takes place.

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2

What can design strategies avoid?

Design fixation. Designers are prevented from becoming overly attached to a specific idea.

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3

What is iterative design? Give an example.

When each iteration is tested and evaluated then changes are made, leading to a new iteration. E.g. Dyson vacuum cleaners.

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4

What are the advantages of iterative design?

  • Problems will be discovered and dealt with

  • Encourages focus on the most critical aspect

  • User feedback is constantly gathered

  • Evidence of progress can be easily provided

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5

What are the disadvantages of iterative design?

  • Can be too focused and lose sight of the bigger picture

  • Incredibly time consuming

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6

What is user-centred design?

Where the wants and needs of the end user are extensively considered at each stage.

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7

What are the advantages of user-centred design?

  • End user feels listened to

  • More likely the final product will meet user expectations

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8

What are the disadvantages of user-centred design?

  • Extra time to meet with users

  • May be unviable to sell if too focused on a particular end user

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9

What is systems thinking?

A top-down approach to design that starts with a system overview in terms of input, process and output.

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10

What are the advantages of systems thinking?

  • Doesn’t require highly specialist knowledge

  • Easy to communicate with others

  • Designed in blocks, so easy to find errors

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11

What are the disadvantages of systems thinking?

  • Lead to use of unnecessary components

  • Lead to larger systems and extra cost

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12

What do input devices do? Give two examples.

Take a ‘real-world signal’ and turn it into an electronic signal. E.g. switches and sensors.

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13

What do processes do? Give an examples.

Alter the electronic signal to create functions such as timing and counting. E.g. microcontrollers

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14

What do drivers do?

Increase the signal going into the output stage so that it has enough current to work effectively.

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15

What do output devices do? Give an example.

They take an electronic signal and turn it into a real-world signal. E.g. speakers and lamps.

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16

What do the different parts of a block diagram represent?

  • Arrows represent the signal

  • Blocks represent the components

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17

How can microcontrollers be programmed?

Using flowcharts software, block-based program editors or raw programming code

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18

What does a push to make switch do? What is it’s circuit symbol?

Input device. Allows current to flow through when pressed.

<p>Input device. Allows current to flow through when pressed. </p>
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19

What does a light-dependent resistor do? What is it’s circuit symbol?

Input device. Resistance that changes depending on light levels.

<p>Input device. Resistance that changes depending on light levels.</p>
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20

What does a thermistor do? What is it’s circuit symbol?

Input device. Resistance that changes depending on temperature.

<p>Input device. Resistance that changes depending on temperature.</p>
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21

What does a microcontroller do? What is it’s circuit symbol?

Process. A small computer that can be programmed to provide functionality.

<p>Process. A small computer that can be programmed to provide functionality.</p>
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22

What does a buzzer do? What is it’s circuit symbol?

Output device. Produce a buzzing sound when current flows through.

<p>Output device. Produce a buzzing sound when current flows through.</p>
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23

What does a speaker do? What is it’s circuit symbol?

Output device. Turns electronic signals into sound.

<p>Output device. Turns electronic signals into sound.</p>
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24

What does a lamp do? What is it’s circuit symbol?

Output device. Produces light when current flows through

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25

Who was Norman Foster?

  • British architect

  • Design the high-tech Gherkin

    • Uses less that half of the usual energy required for a similar sized building

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26

Who was Philippe Starck?

  • French designer best known for interior products and furniture

  • Designed the ‘Juicy Salif’ for Alessi in 1990

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27

Who was Vivienne Westwood?

  • British punk fashion designer

  • Major player in the New Romantic and New Wave pop culture fashions

    • Credited with bringing them into the mainstream

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28

What is Alessi? What do they sell?

  • Italian design company producing everyday houseware

  • Many products are in the ‘post-modern’ style

  • Famous example is the ‘Juicy Salif’

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29

What is Dyson? What do they sell?

  • British design engineering company

  • In 2001 over 27% of UK-sold vacuums were Dyson

  • Their vacuums are bagless and don’t lose suction due to cyclone dust-separation technology

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30

What is Under Armour? What do they sell?

  • American sportswear company formed by Kevin Plank in 1996

  • Developed moisture-wicking sportswear that uses microfibres

  • Now sells foot wear, casual clothing and accessories

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31

What can mining result in?

  • Appearance of sinkholes

  • Erosion

  • Contamination of soil

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32

What is oil needed for?

Needed to make plastics and must be drilled for

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33

What can over-farming and the use of pesticides lead to?

  • Contamination of land

  • Death of wildlife

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34

What must designers consider in regards to the ecological issues of manufacture?

  • Distance/mileage a product travels

  • Source of raw materials

  • Place of manufacture

  • Final disposal

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35

What are the six R’s?

  1. Reduce

  2. Rethink

  3. Refuse

  4. Recycle

  5. Reuse

  6. Repair

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36

What has air pollution been linked to?

Respiratory illnesses e.g. lung cancer and asthma

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37

What is oceanic pollution?

When chemicals and other industrial waste is released into the oceans.

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38

What does oceanic pollution have a negative effect on?

Marine life and habitats

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39

Why may some people choose not to buy a product?

If they think it hasn’t been designed/made in a socially considerate manner.

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40

What is Fairtrade?

A movement that works to help people in developing countries get a fair deal for the products they produce. They get paid an agreed minimum rate even if the global price falls.

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41

What does a Fairtrade Premium payment do?

Can be used to invest in areas e.g. local education and healthcare

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