Phonology 1

The consonants \[t s n l\] all have the same…

place of articulation

The consonants \[k g ŋ x\] all have the same…

place of articulation

Which of these properties is loudness related to?

amplitude

Which of the following is the acoustic source in the production of \[d\]?

the periodic vibrations generated by the vocal folds in the larynx

Where are sonorants devoiced in English?

after some voiceless stops

Which is a possible word-initial cluster in English? dl- sr- wr- θr-

θr-

Which is a possible word-initial cluster in English? wr-, kn-, ðr-, dw-

dw-

Which is a possible word-initial cluster in English? kn-, wr-, ʃr-. ʃl-

ʃr-

Which of the following carries (almost only) nonredundant information?

broad transcription

What is the phonetic difference between /i:/ and /ı/ in stressed position in English?

/i:/ is always tense

What is the difference in pronunciation between /u:/ and /ʊ/in stressed position?

/u:/ is always tense

What is the typical phonetic correlate of stress in English?

a rise in the amplitude of the sound waves

Which of the following sounds is __**t**__ransient aperiodic?

\[t\]

What is the **linguistic** difference between a language and a dialect?

Nothing

In which range does the frequency of human speech sound vary?

100Hz-10.000Hz

One of the following statements about triphthongs is FALSE. Which one?

Triphthongs only occur across a morpheme boundary (e.g. player /pleıə/)

Which statement is false?

Sounds in complementary distribution may be contrastive.

Which term is the odd one out? lax vowel-checked vowel-short vowel-free vowel

free vowel

What does the pronunciation pair \[aıðə\]\~\[i:ðə\] for either exemplify

free variation

If an English word begins with three consonants, the first is…

/s/

Which E s in free graphic position?

metric

Who is the “father of the modern theory of phonemes”?

Jan Niecislaw Baudouin de Courtenay

How many feet is the sentence Joe __*eats*__ beans in a neutral pronunciation?

Two because the stress of eats is deleted.

How many feet is the sentence Joe __*may*__ eat in a neutral pronunciation?

Two because only content words are stressed.

How many feet is the sentence Joe *will* know in a neutral pronunciation?

Two because only content words are stressed.

Which type of consonant does not occur word finally in English?

glides

Which phenomenon is a case of compensatory lengthening?

broadening

Where in the US are nonrhotic accents spoken by whites?

in the south and north east

Which is NOT a fricative?

\[w\]

Who had his head X-rayed to examine the tongue height associated with vowels?

Daniel Jones

Which of the following is NOT a function of transcription?

to neutralize

The **/r/** pronounced between the words car engine is called… / The **/r/** pronounced before the /ɑ:/ in fire arms is called…

linking R

Which underlined vowel may be syncopated? Mél__**a**__ny, Ág__**a**__tha, Ém__**i**__ly, Már__**y**__lin

Émily

Which underlined vowel may be syncopated? filament, immolate, cinema, sim__**i**__lar

sim__**i**__lar

Which underlined vowel may be syncopated? cámel, mémorize, cél__**e**__ry, périlous

cél__**e**__ry

Which contrast is disappearing currently in SSBE?

ʊə\~ɔ: (eg. poor \~ paw)/ʊə\~ɔ: (eg. spoor \~ spore)

Which is a place of articulation?

velar/palatal

Which lexical sets have the same vowel in SSBE? foot - strut; foot - goose; face - square; cloth - lot

CLOTH – LOT/BATH – START/THOUGHT – FORCE

Which type of vowel occurs prevocalically?

plain tense

Which pair exemplifies a typical vowel shift relation?

drive – driven

Which present-past pair exemplifies a typical vowel shift relation?

read-read

Which is NOT a cardinal vowel? ɛ - e - ʊ - ɔ

ʊ

The regular sound values of the single vowel letter I are…

/ aɪ aɪə ɪ ɜ:/

Which word contains a digra**ph**?

mo**th/sh**y/shot

The spelling of which word is unpredictable?

broad /brɔ:d/

Which class of consonants may be syllabic?

sonorants

The two words bear/beə/ and bare /beə/ are… / Lead ‘ólom’ is /led/ and led ‘vezetett’ is /led/. They are../Sawed and sword are both pronounced /sɔ:d/. They are..

homophones

Which is a sonorant? ʃ - g - ɑ - ʔ

ɑ

Which is a sonorant? l - z - d - g

l (L)

Which is bilabial?

p

Dual and jewel / Deuce and juice/ Dune and June may become homophones. This is because of…

palatalization

Which of these is NOT a normal grapheme of English spelling?

OE

Which of these in not a normal grapheme of English spelling?

UA

Which diphthong has monophthongized recently in SSBE?

eə

Which vowel is articulated with the frontest tongue position? ɛ - ə - ɜ - ɔ

ɛ

Which vowel is articulated with the frontest tongue position? i - a - ɑ - ɔ

i

What is the usual tone of a complete statement?

falling tone

In which word is the laxness of the first vowel unpredictable from the spelling?

pĕril/dĕvil

Which word has a /j/ in SSBE, but not in General American?

nude

Which word has a vowel quantity predictable from the spelling?

cĭvet

Which word has a vowel quantity predictable from the spelling?

băse

Which word has a vowel quantity predictable from the spelling?

valid /vælɪd/

Which implication holds in natural languages?

front rounded vowels imply front unrounded vowels

The vowel pronounced as /ɒ/ in SSBE is pronounced as /ɑ/in General American. In itself this is a(n) ...........difference between these accents.

realizational

Which statement is true about the vowels of meet /mi:t/ and Swede /swi:d/?

that of Swede is longer in pronunciation

Why is there no stress reversal in Hèartbreak Hotél?

Because there is no stress clash.

Why is there no stress reversal in maróon swéater?

Because ma- is zero stressed.

The vowel of jewel could be transcribed as \[ \]. This is… (a kep lenne a bracketben)

an opening and falling diphthong

In which word is the quantity of the first vowel unpredictable from the spelling?

secret /si:krɪt/

Which is a possible word-final cluster in SSBE?

\-nθ

Which vowel is articulated with the highest tongue position?

u/\[o\]

Which part of the tone unit may contain more than one foot?

the body

The /r/ insterted between the words *vanilla ice* is called… / The /r/ pronounced between the vowels saw it off /sɔ:rɪtɒf/ is called…

intrusive R

Which one of these vowels has the highest second formant (F2)?

\[i\]

Which pair exemplifies a typical vowel shift relation?

hide-hidden

Which part of the tone unit is a degenerate foot?

the pre-head

Which sequence is possible within a morpheme? i:rə - u:rə - ᴐ:rə - ᴈ:rə

ᴐ:rə

Which statement is TRUE?

The standard accent in the United States is rhotic.

Variety A has \[jᴜ ded brᴧðᶕ\] (You’re dead, Brother), variety B has \[ju ded brᴧvə\] (You dead, brother)

The two varieties exhibit **both** accent and dialect differences.

What is unexpected in the pronunciation of duplicate /dju:plıkət/?

Nothing

The regular sound values of the single vowel letter E are…

/i: ıə e ᴈ:/

In England, the size of the area where nonrhotic accents are spoken….

is increasing

Which sequence is possible? i:rə - ᴧ# - ᴐımp – ia

ia

Which sequence is possible? i:rə - ᴧ# - ᴐımp – i:ı

i:ı

Which Y is in covered graphic position? cynical, Cyprus, sky, cystic

cystic

Which U is in covered graphic position?

tuxedo

Which is a sibilant?

ʃ

Which is a primary cardinal vowel?

ᴈ

Which part of the tone unit carries the tone?

the nucleus

Which is a minimal pair in SSBE?

weılz \~ veılz

The name Oliver /ɒlıvə/ is often abbreviated in speech to /ˈɒli/. This shortened form is spelt Ollie. Why is the l doubled?

To indicate the lax sound-value of the stressed o

The consonants \[f v θ ð x y\] all have the same….

manner of articulation

Which statement is false?

The velar nasal is a phoneme in Northern British English.

Which vowel is PHONOLOGICALLY tense? /ɑ:/ - /ɜ:/ - /i:/ - none of them

//

Which vowel is PHONOLOGICALLY tense? /u:/ - /a:/ - / ɜ:/ - none of them

/i:/

//

/u:/

Which of the following vowels does not monophthongize in SSBE? ʊə eə aɪ aɪə

aɪ

Which voicing assimilation occurs in Hungarian but not in English? pt->pd; pd->pt, pd->bd, pn->bn

pd->bd (e.g.”népdal”)

What does the pronunciation \[senət\]\~\[senɪt\] for senate exemplify?

free variation

What are the most important acoustic cues to the place of articulation of stops?

formant transitions from or to neighbouring vowels