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- 1941, before the US entered the war
- meeting between FDR and Winston Churchill
- they outlined their vision for a post-war world
- they no longer wanted military alliances and there was an international organization that would oversee peace
- january 1943
- a meeting between US, Britain, and the Soviet Union ("the big three")
- stalin (soviet union) did not attend the conference because he was mad that the US and Britain didn't open a second front in the west
- the allies assured that they would accept nothing but unconditional surrender
- november 1943
- stalin (soviet union) agreed to join the war in the pacific and the allies agreed to open the western front
- the cause of the D-Day invasion
- February 1945
- stalin insists that eastern europe needed pro-soviet governments
- the allies agreed to divide germany and berlin into 4 administrative zones
- they agreed to establish an international body to replace the league of nations
- general assembly: all countries that are members of the united nations are represented
- the security council: composed of the 5 major allied powers that cannot be removed and have the power to veto the general assembly
- US
- Britain
- France
- Soviet Union
- China
- july 1945
- the last conference between the "big three"
- stalin told the allies that he would not hold elections in eastern europe
- allies agreed to punish Nazi collaborators through the Nuremberg trials
- it was used to contain communism
- the idea was to let communism exist where it already existed, but to stop the spread of it
Japan
- they became a developing country, became a democracy, and encouraged economic growth
- the Korean Peninsula
- divided it at the demarcation line (38th parallel)
- south side: US occupied; democratic
- north side: Soviet Union occupied; communist
- this began the korean war, a proxy war
- the first time the US military engaged in the cold war
- ended in 1953 in an armistice, including an agreement to keep Korea divided
- provided large-scale economic assistance for Greece and Turkey
- shows that part of the containment policy will be from the economic support from the US
- Greece was undergoing a civil war
- the US provided $300 million to Greece on the democratic side of the war
- Turkey was in a dispute with the Soviet union over control of the dardanelles
- the US gave Turkey $100 million to fight off the soviets
a small body of water between the black sea and the mediterranean
- an important trade route
- was created by George Marshall
- the US contributed $13 billion to the recovery of western europe
- they did not want them to become communist
- there was a humanitarian concern
- there was a desire for a strong european market in order to sell american goods
- department of national defense
- the national security council
- the central intelligence agency (CIA)
- located in the pentagon
- oversees all branches of the military
- operates out of the White House
- overlooks military policy, how the military will act
- report on military policies
- set out a plan to stop the spread of communism during the cold war
- called for major expansion of the US military
- consolidation of the 3 zones of Berlin
- west Berlin = democratic side
- east Berlin = communist side
- stalin issued a military blockade of all traffic coming in and out of west Berlin
- President truman (US) airlifted the supplies people needed into west berlin
- the closest the two sides of berlin came to an actual war
- west berlin became a symbol of communist resistance
- democratic alliance
- first peace-time military alliance the US has joined since the American Revolution
- 12 countries were originally part of the NATO
- the alliance was created during the containment era
- *an attack on one NATO country was an attack on ALL NATO countries*
- communist military alliance
- was created in response to the creation of NATO
