Data Abstraction, Encapsulation, Math and Datetime Modules

Data Abstraction

Used to hide the internal functionality of the function from the users

Abstract Class

A class that consists of one or more abstract methods. Blueprint of other classes

Abstract Base Classes (ABC)

Works by decorating methods of the base class as abstract. Registers concrete classes as the implementation of the abstract base

@abstractmethod decorator

To define an abstract method or if we don't provide the definition to the method, it automatically becomes the abstract method.

@property decorator

Used to give special functionality to a method.

Encapsulation

Wrapping data and its methods in one unit. Can prevent accidental modification of data by putting access restrictions on variables and methods.

Public

Variables or methods can be accessed both inside and outside the class.

Protected

Variables or methods can be accessed only within the class and its subclasses. Denoted by a single underscore prefix

Private

Variables or methods can be accessed only within the class. Denoted by a double underscore prefix.

math Module

Built-in module for mathematical tasks. Has a set of methods and constants

datetime Module

Used to work with dates as date objects. Date contains year, month, day, hour, minute, second, and microsecond