Child Psychology

Chapters 11, 12, & 13

Children typically outgrow temper tantrums and disobedient, disregardful, argumentative, hostile, or deliberately annoying behaviors by middle childhood. When such a pattern of behavior persists after age 8, children may be diagnosed with

 

oppositional defiant disorder.

Intelligence quotient (IQ) tests focus almost entirely on

 

academic skills.

Erik Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development focuses on

 

industry versus inferiority.

Monica, who is 11 years old, is self-conscious and spends excessive time being concerned about meeting the expectations of her parents, teachers, and friends. She seeks approval all the time and needs constant reassurance. She also worries about seemingly everything: school grades, storms, earthquakes, hurting herself on the playground, or forgetting her lines in the school play. Monica is most likely to be diagnosed with

 

generalized anxiety disorder.

The exact causes of childhood depression are influenced by a multitude of factors, but children who are depressed tend to come from families with high levels of parental depression, anxiety, substance abuse, or antisocial behavior.

True

Which of the following is a characteristic of children with oppositional defiant disorder?

 

hostility toward adult authority figures lasting at least six months

Separation anxiety disorder involves excessive anxiety for at least________ concerning separation from home or from attachment figures.

 

4 weeks

Which of the following is the most widely used intelligence test for school-age children?

 

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

In a dynamic test, the difference between the items a child can answer alone and the items the child can answer with help is the child's

 

zone of proximal development.

In middle childhood, children start to understand that they and others can have conflicting emotion.

True

Justin, a 9-year-old boy, has been given detention several times within the last 8 months for unruly and disruptive behavior during class. His teachers have reported that he often talks back and is rude toward them. He disobeys his parents and frequently fights with his siblings. Justin does not have any friends at school, as other children are put off by his behavior. He is most likely to be diagnosed with

 

oppositional defiant disorder.

Which of the behaviors below is NOT associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder?

 

binge eating

Tests based on Vygotsky's theory that emphasize potential rather than past learning are known as________ tests.

dynamic

Emotional self-regulation involves effortful control of emotions, attention, and behavior.

True

Martin is 10 years old. Since the death of his grandmother 6 months ago, he has been reluctant to be away from his mother. He finds it difficult to sleep at night without his mother next to him. Martin refuses to stay over at any of his friends' houses. While he is at school, he worries that his mother might not be there when he goes home. Based on the given information, Martin is most likely to be diagnosed with

 

separation anxiety disorder.

Mrs. Howard has set up different stations in her classroom to test the student's different types of intelligences. Each station is dedicated to a different type of intelligence and teaches and tests areas such as music, body movements, and interpersonal communication. This approach represents the application of

 

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children is an individual intelligence test for ages 3 to 18 and evaluates cognitive abilities in children with diverse needs, such as autism, hearing impairments, and language disorders.

False

Both heredity and environment influence intelligence.

True

Cultural values affect the expression of emotions like shame, pride, and guilt.

True

The cognitive growth that takes place during middle childhood enables children to

 

develop more complex concepts of themselves than before.