Nucleophilic Substitution and Haloalkanes

what is a haloalkane?

alkanes with at least 1 halogen atom in place of a hydrogen atom

why do haloalkanes have a higher boiling point than alkanes?

because of their electronegativity and the I.D-I.D. forces between molecules

what happens down group 7 which increases boiling point?

atomic radius increases, electron shells increase, more E to overcome, stronger I.D-I.D, bigger electron cloud

what is a nucleophile?

an electron pair donor

how does the nucleophile take the place of the haloalkane?

the C-X bond is polar so the X pulls electro density from carbon allowing carbon to be attacked

what are the conditions for nucleophilic substitution with OH?

warm sodium hydroxide and reflux

what are the conditions for nucleophilic substitution with H2O?

H2O and reflux

what are the conditions for nucleophilic substitution with ammonia?

ammonia dissolved in ethanol

what decides the reactivity of haloalkanes?

the bond strength, the bond enthalpy decreases as you go down the group

what happens to the ease of photodissociation with the haloalkanes?

it increases down the halogen group