AP Psychology Unit 2 Vocab

correlational studies

study of relationship between two variables

statistical significance, p value

probability that results are due to chance

correlational coefficient

number to measure how strong a relationship is (-1,1)

survey

resarch method that collects self-reported infromation

naturalistic observation

observing unaware subject

case study

investigation of unusual case

hawthorne effect

idea that pariticpants change thier behavior when being watched

demand characteristic

idea that when one is being observed, they will give off behaviors they think the researcher is looking for

longitudinal study

study over a long period of time

cross sectional reserach

compares 2 groups at once

confounding variable

things that may affect the dependent variable that’s not the independent variable

placebo

mimics actual substance but has no active ingredientsp

placebo effect

idea that an oberserver has when they have taken a placebo and have convinced themselves theyve taken the real thing so they feel the effects that they may have had of the real substance

double blind study

study where researcher and participant are unaware of group/assignments

placebo treatment

given to half of the participants, control group

experimenter vias

conformation bias, researcher may only find what they’re looking for and ignore other results

single blind study

pariticpants are unaware of their group/hypothesis

representation bias

a bias from participants in a study due to lack of diverse sample

random sample

subjects are randomly selected for a study

random assignment

participants randomly assigned treatment

IRB

intstitutional research board that reviews reserach and ensures its ethical

fiduciary responsibility

responsibility of researcher to act in best interest of sample

informed consent

sample agrees to take part in study

debriefing

post study where resarcher explains the experiment and findings in full

voluntary participation

free to participate in an activity without coercion or pressure and right to withdraw

confidentiality

researcher not leaking unwanted information.

empiricism

idea that knowledge is logcal and from experience

operational definition

measurable and observable definition of variables

hypothesis

an if then prediction

type 1 error

false alarm when analyzing datat

type 2 error

error from data that you interpret as your null hypothesis being correct while it is not and you dont notice it