**ACSM's Introduction to exercise science, third edition, CH 4 vocab

Exercise physiology

Study of the functional and physiologic responses and adaptations that occur during and following physical activity and exercise

Acute responses

changes in the systems of the body that occur in response to a single bout of physical activity or exercise

Chronic Adaptations

changes in the systems of the body that occur in response to repeated regular physical activity and exercise

Substrates

a source to produce energy for the cells of the body

crossover point

The point where the body receives more of its energy from carbohydrate rather than fat

Hypoglycemic

A condition of abnormally low blood glucose levels

Glucose transport protein 4

A type of protein that works with insulin to facilitate glucose uptake by skeletal muscle fibers

Exogenous insulin

insulin administered from outside the body

Aerobic metabolism

The breakdown of substrates to produce energy with the use of oxygen within the cell.

muscle biopsy

a needle technique used to collect tissue samples from a muscle

Amenonorrhea

Abnormal suppression or absence of mentruation

Hypothalamus

A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature, etc.)

Hypoestrogenemia

low levels of the female hormone estrogen

Hyperlipidemia

the presence of excess fat or lipids in the blood

What is the best predictor of aerobic perfomance?

Lactate Threshold

anabolic/anabolism

the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy;

Hyponatrremia

an abnormally low concentration of sodium in the blood

Hypothermia

abnormally low body temperature

Conduction

The process of heat loss through direct transfer to a cooler object

Convection

The process of heat loss to the air surrounding the body

Radiation

The process of heat loss from the body to the cooler environment

Evaporation

The process of heat loss through sweat evaporating from the skin surface

What is the best predictor of cardiovascular fitness?

VO2max

hypercholesteralemia

excessive cholesterol in the blood

Type I diabetes is an issue with ...

insulin production

Type II diabetes is an issue with...

Receptor sensitivity

What are osteoblasts responsible for?

Building bone

What are osteoclasts responsible for?

Breaking bone down

An example of an acute response to exercise is

increase in heart rate

An example of a chronic adaptation to exercise is

decrease in heart rate

An acute response of the endocrine system to exercise is

an increase in circulating epinephrine.

A Chronic response of the endocrine system to exercise is

a decrease level of circulating epinephrine