ch.7 ap hug vocab

Apartheid

a former system of legal segregation and discrimination based on race in South Africa

Balkanization

the contentious process by which a state or region breaks apart into smaller, often hostile, independent units along ethnic, religious, or cultural lines.

Blockbusting

a practice in which real estate agents encouraged white homeowners to sell cheaply by suggesting minorities were moving into the neighborhood

Centrifugal force

Factors that divide a state, such as ethnic, linguistic, religious, or economic differences.

Centripetal force

a force that unifies and binds people together within a state

Ethnic cleansing

the process by which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one from a specific territory in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region.

Ethnic homeland

a region where a particular ethnic group is historically or culturally concentrated

Ethnic nationalist

a political ideology defining national identity through shared ethnicity, language, religion, and heritage rather than civic citizenship

Ethnic separatism

the desire of an ethnic group to separate from a larger political unit

Ethnicity

identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth

Ethnocentrism

the belief that one’s own ethnic group or culture is superior to others

Irredentism

a movement to reclaim and reunite territory historically or ethnically related to a group but located in another state

Multi-ethnic state

a state that contains more than one ethnic group

Multi-national state

a sovereign state that contains two or more distinct nations, ethnic groups, or cultural communities within its borders

Multi-state nation

a single nation that resides across the boundaries of two or more sovereign states

Nationalism

a strong sense of loyalty and devotion to a nation

Nationality

identity with a group of people who share a legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular country, typically established through birth or citizenship

Race

a socially constructed classification of humans based on physical characteristics

Racism

the belief that one race is superior to another and has the right to dominate others

Self-determination

s the concept that ethnicities, nations, or peoples have the right to govern themselves, determine their own political status, and pursue their own economic, social, and cultural development

White flight

the large-scale migration of white populations from racially mixed urban areas to suburb