BIO 005A Midterm 1 Unofficial Practice Test

Hope this helps :) (Questions made by our wonderful student; "HBOMAX" )

A climate scientist notes that coastal regions experience smaller temperature fluctuations than deserts. Which property of water explains this?

A) Its high specific heat
B) Its low density

C) Its polarity
D) Its ability to evaporate quickly

A) Its high specific heat

A researcher injects a dye into a cell, and it spreads evenly throughout. This movement results from:

A) Osmosis
B) Diffusion
C) Active transport

D) Endocytosis

B) Diffusion

Carbon’s ability to form four covalent bonds allows it to:

A) Form diverse organic molecules
B) Be highly reactive
C) Form ionic compounds

D) Prevent molecular diversity

A) Form diverse organic molecules

An experiment testing a new artificial sweetener finds it is not metabolized. It most likely lacks:

A) Polar bonds
B) Recognition by metabolic enzymes
C) Covalent bonding

D) Carbon atoms

B) Recognition by metabolic enzymes

A fish living in cold water has cell membranes rich in unsaturated fatty acids because:

A) They allow more rigidity
B) They maintain membrane fluidity
C) They block ion channels

D) They reduce permeability to water

B) They maintain membrane fluidity

A new cell type contains DNA, ribosomes, and a plasma membrane but no nucleus. This cell is:

A) Animal
B) Plant
C) Prokaryotic

D) Fungal

C) Prokaryotic

The polarity of water allows it to dissolve salts because:

A) Hydrogen bonds form between ions
B) The positive hydrogen and negative oxygen stabilize ions

C) Water forms ionic bonds

D) Water is nonpolar

B) The positive hydrogen and negative oxygen stabilize ions

A biochemist hydrolyzes starch. The resulting molecules are:

A) Lipids
B) Nucleotides
C) Monosaccharides

D) Amino acids

C) Monosaccharides

A membrane protein that spans the bilayer and allows specific ions to pass is a:

A) Peripheral protein
B) Integral channel protein
C) Glycolipid

D) Cholesterol Molecule

B) Integral channel protein

Cells maintain internal organization through compartmentalization, which primarily:

A) Separates incompatible reactions
B) Reduces surface area
C) Eliminates transport needs

D) Removes all gradients

A) Separates incompatible reactions

The tendency of water to stick to plant cell walls and climb upward is due to:

A) Cohesion
B) Adhesion
C) Capillary action

D) Ionic bonding

C) Capillary action

A cell immersed in a hypertonic solution will:

A) Gain water
B) Lose water
C) Stay the same

D) Burst

B) Lose water

A molecular biologist uses radioactive nitrogen to label DNA. This is possible because DNA contains:
A) Nitrogenous bases
B) Phosphate groups

C) Hydroxyl groups

D) Sulfhydryl bonds

A) Nitrogenous bases

When sodium chloride dissolves in water, the oxygen atoms of water surround:

A) Na+ ions
B) Cl− ions
C) Both equally

D) Neither

A) Na+ ions

A molecule with regions that are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic is:

A) Amphipathic
B) Nonpolar
C) Isotonic

D) Ionic

A) Amphipathic

A biologist studying protein folding adds heat and finds the protein unfolds. This primarily disrupts:

A) Peptide bonds
B) Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions
C) Disulfide linkages only

D) Primary structure

B) Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions

A cell’s ribosomes are heavily bound to its rough ER. The cell’s main function likely involves:

A) Hormone synthesis

B) Protein secretion

C) Lipid storage
D) DNA replication

B) Protein secretion

A cell placed in pure water will:

A) Shrink
B) Swell
C) Remain the same

D) Become isotonic

B) Swell

In an experiment, phospholipids labeled with fluorescent dye move laterally within a bilayer. This supports the:
A) Fluid Mosaic Model
B) Rigid wall model

C) Channel hypothesis
D) Hydrophobic barrier theory

A) Fluid Mosaic Model

Ice floats on water because:
A) Ice is denser
B) Hydrogen bonds make ice less dense

C) Ice repels heat
D) Water molecules expand when liquid

B) Hydrogen bonds make ice less dense

The endomembrane system includes all of the following except:

A) ER
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Lysosomes

D) Mitochondria

D) Mitochondria

The high surface tension of water allows insects to walk on its surface because:

A) Hydrogen bonds create cohesion
B) Water molecules repel nonpolar substances
C) Ionic bonds form between molecules

D) Capillary action balances forces

A) Hydrogen bonds create cohesion

The tertiary structure of a protein is stabilized by:

A) Peptide bonds only
B) R-group interactions
C) Sugar linkages

D) Phosphate groups

B) R-group interactions

A sample of DNA is heated until the strands separate. What bond type is broken?

A) Hydrogen
B) Covalent
C) Ionic

D) Peptide

A) Hydrogen

Which of the following best describes metabolism?

A) Only energy release reactions
B) All chemical reactions in a cell
C) Catabolic reactions only

D) Anabolic reactions only

B) All chemical reactions in a cell

A spontaneous reaction has:

A) ∆G > 0
B) ∆G < 0
C) ∆G = 0

D) Constant energy

B) ∆G < 0

27. The first law of thermodynamics states that:

A) Energy can be created
B) Energy is conserved
C) Entropy always decreases

D) Energy can be destroyed

B) Energy is conserved

The second law of thermodynamics states that:

A) Energy increases in living systems
B) Entropy increases in the universe
C) Order is maintained spontaneously

D) Energy is always lost as light

B) Entropy increases in the universe

ATP provides energy for cellular work by:

A) Releasing heat
B) Breaking high-energy phosphate bonds

C) Releasing electrons

D) Forming covalent bonds with substrates

B) Breaking high-energy phosphate bonds

A cell with extensive smooth ER likely specializes in:

A) Lipid synthesis
B) Protein folding
C) ATP production

D) Detoxification only

A) Lipid synthesis

A mutation prevents vesicles from fusing with the Golgi apparatus. What process is affected?

A) Protein modification and secretion
B) Glycolysis
C) ATP synthesis

D) Lipid oxidation

A) Protein modification and secretion

The cytoskeleton’s microtubules are essential for:

A) Protein translation
B) Cell shape and intracellular transport
C) DNA replication

D) Photosynthesis

B) Cell shape and intracellular transport

Water’s polarity makes it a good solvent for:

A) Nonpolar lipids
B) Ionic and polar compounds
C) Hydrophobic molecules

D) Gases only

B) Ionic and polar compounds

Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is:

A) Endergonic
B) Exergonic
C) Anabolic

D) Nonspontaneous

B) Exergonic

The function of ribosomes is to:

A) Synthesize proteins
B) Transport lipids
C) Modify carbohydrates

D) Replicate DNA

A) Synthesize proteins

A student studying osmosis observes that water moves into plant cells until internal pressure prevents further entry. This is due to:
A) Turgor pressure
B) Surface tension

C) Diffusion limitation

D) Cohesion forces

A) Turgor pressure

37. Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying alcohol in liver cells?

A) Peroxisome
B) Lysosome
C) Golgi

D) Ribosome

A) Peroxisome

Which type of chemical bond results from equal sharing of electrons?

A) Polar covalent
B) Nonpolar covalent
C) Ionic

D) Hydrogen

B) Nonpolar covalent

A plant cell has a large central vacuole. Its main role is to:

A) Store water and maintain pressure
B) Synthesize proteins
C) Generate ATP

D) Break down toxins

A) Store water and maintain pressure

A hydrophobic amino acid would most likely be found:

A) On the protein surface
B) In the interior of a folded protein
C) In aqueous solution

D) At an active site

B) In the interior of a folded protein

The plasma membrane’s selective permeability allows:

A) All substances to cross
B) Controlled exchange of materials
C) Complete isolation

D) Passive osmosis only

B) Controlled exchange of materials

Which organelle has a double membrane and its own DNA?

A) Ribosome
B) Mitochondrion
C) Lysosome

D) Golgi apparatus

B) Mitochondrion

A buffer helps maintain pH by:

A) Neutralizing acids only
B) Accepting or donating H+ ions

C) Producing H2O

D) Blocking ions

B) Accepting or donating H+ ions

The universal solvent property of water supports life because:

A) It allows biochemical reactions in solution
B) It dissolves nonpolar gases
C) It is hydrophobic

D) It reduces temperature

A) It allows biochemical reactions in solution

The organelle that packages and “tags” proteins for secretion is:

A) Rough ER
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Lysosome

D) Nucleus

B) Golgi apparatus

An atom with 6 protons and 8 neutrons has a mass number of:

A) 12
B) 14
C) 8

D) 6

B) 14

When a cell performs active transport, it:

A) Moves solutes down concentration gradient

B) Requires ATP
C) Uses osmosis
D) Requires no energy

B) Requires ATP

Hydrogen bonds form between:
A) Two hydrogens
B) Hydrogen and an electronegative atom

C) Two nonpolar molecules
D) Ionic ions

B) Hydrogen and an electronegative atom

An example of kinetic energy in a cell is:

A) A molecule of glucose
B) ATP stored energy
C) Movement of vesicles along microtubules

D) Potential chemical bonds

C) Movement of vesicles along microtubules

The main function of mitochondria is:

A) Energy conversion (ATP production)

B) Lipid synthesis
C) Waste digestion

D) Protein translation

A) Energy conversion (ATP production)

Who’s going to pass this Midterm?

A) Nobody

B) We are all going to pass! POWER!

C) I quit bruh :(

D) There’s a midterm?

B) We are all going to pass! POWER!