Biochem exam 2

inhibitor of fumarase

trans-aconitate, isocitrate, 3-nitro-2-hydroxypropionate

inhibitor of citrate synthase

palmitoyl-CoA, ATP, NADH, succinyl-CoA

inhibitor of aconitase

fluorocitrate, OAA

inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase

ATP, NADH

isocitrate dehydrogenase catalyzes isocitrate to what?

alpha-ketoglutarate

succinyl-CoA synthetase catalyzes succinyl-CoA to what?

succinate

E1 of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

(TPP) decarboxylase

E3 of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

(FAD) dehydrogenase

pyruvate

α-ketoglutarate

succinate

fumarate

inhibitor of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

NADH, arsenite

inhibitor of succinyl-CoA synthetase

GTP, NH2OH

inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase

malonate, OAA

inhibitor of malate dehydrogenase

citrate, NADH

citrate synthase catalyzes acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate to what?

citrate (cis-aconitate)

aconitase catalyzes citrate to what?

isocitrate

alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase catalyzes alpha-ketoglutarate to what?

succinyl-CoA

succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes succinate to what?

fumarate

fumarase catalyzes fumarate to what?

malate

malate dehydrogenase catalyzes malate to what?

oxaloacetate

E2 of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

(lipoic acid) transacylase

actyl-CoA

citrate

isocitrate

succinyl-CoA

malate

oxaloacetate

glucose-6-P dehydrogenase catalyzes glucose-6-P to what?

6-P-gluconolactone

gluconolactonase catalyzes 6-P-gluconolactone to what?

6-Phosphogluconate

6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase catalyzes 6-phosphogluconate to what?

ribulose-5-P

phosphopentose isomerase catalyzes ribulose-5-P to what?

ribose-5-P

phosphopentose epimerase catalyzes ribulose-5-P to what?

xylulose-5-P

transketalose (6) catalyzes ribose-5-P and xylulose-5-P to what?

sedoheptulose-7-P + G3P

transaldolase catalyzes sedoheptulose-7-P and G3P to what?

F6P + erythrose-4-P

transketalose (8) catalyzes xylulose-5-P and erythrose-4-P to what?

F6P + G3P

erythrose-4-P makes what?

aromatic amino acids

G6P

6-P-gluconolactone

6-Phosphogluconate

Ru-5-P

R-5-P

Xu-5-P

sedoheptulose-7-P

G3P

F6P

E-4-P

flavoproteins

tightly bound FMN or FAD

1 or 2 electron transfers

Ubiquinone

1 or 2 electron transfers

mobile electron carrier from complex I and II to complex III

cytochromes

1 electron transfer

convert Fe2+ to Fe3+

iron-sulfur proteins

1 electron transfer

convert Fe2+ to Fe3+

protein-bound copper

1 electron transfer

convert Cu+ to Cu2+

complex I step 1

NADH + H⁺ + [FMN]-Fe³⁺ <-> NAD⁺ + [FMNH₂]-Fe²⁺

complex I step 2

[FMNH₂]-Fe²⁺ + CoQ <-> [FMN]-Fe³⁺ + CoQH₂

inhibitors of complex I

rotenone, amytal

complex II step 1

succinate +CoQ <-> fumarate + CoQH₂

complex II step 2

CoQH₂ + [Fe³⁺]₂ <-> CoQ + [Fe²⁺]₂

oxidizing agent of complex II

FAD

inhibitor of complex II

malonate

complex III mediates electron transport first through which cytochrome?

b

complex III mediates electron transport second through which cytochrome?

c1

complex III finally reduces which cytochrome?

c

inhibitor of complex III

antimycin a

complex IV step 1

2Fe²⁺ + [Fe³⁺]₂-Cu₂²⁺ <-> 2Fe³⁺ + [Fe²⁺]₂-Cu₂⁺

complex IV step 2

 [Fe²⁺]₂-Cu₂⁺ + ½ O₂ + 2H⁺ <-> [Fe³⁺]₂-Cu₂²⁺ + H₂O

which cytochrome oxidizes cyt c?

aa3

inhibitors of complex IV

CN, N3, SH,

how many protons does complex I release?

4H+

how many protons does complex III release?

4H+

how many protons does complex IV release?

2H+