Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology: Key Figures and Concepts

Psychology

Scientific study of mind and behavior.

Wilhelm Wundt

Founder of psychology; first research laboratory.

William James

First American psychologist; known for functionalism.

Sigmund Freud

Pioneered psychoanalysis; influential psychological theories.

John B. Watson

Father of behaviorism; focused on observable behavior.

B. F. Skinner

Researcher of operant conditioning; developed Skinner box.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Theory prioritizing human needs from basic to complex.

Carl Rogers

Developed client-centered therapy; influential in clinical psychology.

Noam Chomsky

Key figure in cognitive revolution; linguistics expert.

Biological psychologists

Study nervous system's role in behavior generation.

Perception

Interpretation of sensory information; subjective experience.

Jean Piaget

Known for cognitive development theories in children.

Five Factor model

Personality model describing five key traits.

Stanley Milgram

Conducted obedience experiments; authority influence on behavior.

Biopsychosocial model

Health influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Psychotherapy combining cognitive processes and behaviors.

Doctoral degrees

Advanced academic degrees conferred in formal ceremonies.

PhD in psychology

Doctorate with diverse career opportunities in psychology.

Operant conditioning

Learning process through rewards and punishments.

Client-centered therapy

Therapeutic approach emphasizing client's perspective.

Cognitive revolution

Shift in psychology focusing on mental processes.

Authority figure

Individual with power influencing others' behaviors.