8th Social Studies Final

first amendment

Guarantees freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and the right to petition the government. 

second amendment

Protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms. 

third amendment

Prohibits the quartering of soldiers in private homes without the consent of the owner. 

fourth amendment

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, requiring warrants based on probable cause. 

fifth amendment

Guarantees due process of law, protection against self-incrimination, and double jeopardy. 

sixth amendment

Ensures the right to a speedy and public trial, to an attorney, and to confront witnesses. 

seventh amendment

Guarantees trial by jury in civil cases involving a certain amount. 

eighth amendment

Prohibits excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment. 

ninth amendment

Clarifies that listing specific rights in the Constitution does not mean other rights not specifically mentioned are not protected. 

tenth amendment

Reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states or the people. 

thirteenth amendment

abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime

fourteenth amendment

guarantees citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, including former slaves

fifteenth amendment

prohibits states from denying voting rights to any citizen based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude

nineteenth amendment

granted women the right to vote

Thomas Paine

wrote the influential Common Sense

King George III

british king, imposed all of the taxes on the colonies which helped start the revolutionary war, oversaw the war of 1812

Patrick Henry

strongly opposed british taxation, give me liberty or give me death speech, virginias first governor

James Madison

wrote some of the constitution, championed the Bill of Rights, founding father

Alexander Hamilton

founding father, fought in the revolutionary war, helped draft the constitution, started the American financial system, first secretary of the treasury

Thomas Jefferson

founding father, primary author of the Declaration of Independence, third president, first secretary of state

George Washington

first president, leader during the revolutionary war

John Adams

founding father, second president of the us, helped draft the declaration of independence

Chief Pontiac

led Pontiac’s Rebellion: powerful resistance movement against British colonists with Native Americans involved

French and Indian War

between 1754 and 1763, pitted French and Natives against British, was over territory

First and Second Continental Congress

meeting between delegates from colonies

• First - made to adress British actions, resulted in Declaration and Resolves including a proposed boycott

• Second - convened after the Revolutionary War had begun, established Continental Army with George Washington as commander, ultimately declared independence

Declaration of Independence

July 4, 1776, declaring the colonies independent, written by Thomas Jefferson Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and others

Taxation without Representation

• when a gov taxes somewhere but doesn’t give the citizens any say

• British created the taxes to help pay off the debt accumulated during the French and Indian War

Taxes British placed on the colonies:

• Sugar Act

• Stamp Act

• Townshend Act

• Quartering Act

Sugar Act

tax on imported goods from the colonies, specifically sugar

Stamp Act

tax on various printed materials like newspapers, legal documents, cards, etc

Townshend Act

tax on imported goods like tea, glass, paper, and paint

Quartering Act

forced colonists to provide housing and provisions for British troops

Battle of Lexington and Concord

first military engagements of the Revolutionary War

British soldiers marched, American minutemen met them in Lexington and Concord

“The Shot Heard Round the World”

Valley Forge

location where Washington’s army spent the winter in 1777-1778, period of hardship for the army but also training and strengthening

British had captured Philidelphia so troops were forced to move here

Battle of Yorktown

last major battle of the Revolutionary War

FrancexAmerican forces trapped the British and they were forced to surrender

Treaty of Paris 1763

ended the French and Indian War, established British dominance in North America

Treaty of Paris 1783

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