Lab 1: Bones of the skeleton & types of joints

bones classified by form (space)

• fibrous (no space)

• cartilaginous (none)

• synovial (space; common)

bones classified by function (movement)

• synarthrosis (none)

• amphiarthrosis (slight)

• diarthrosis (free) - all synovial joints exhibit this movement

fibrous bones

• gomphosis

• suture

• syndesmosis

gomphosis

btwn teeth and mandible or maxilla

suture

btwn skull bones

syndesmosis

btwn ulna and radius

cartilaginous bones

• symphyses

• intervertebral discs

symphyses

intervertebral discs

synovial bones

• gliding or plane

• hinge

• pivot

• ellipsoidal or condyloid

• saddle

• ball-and-socket

gliding or plane

move past on same plane without change in angle

• wrist, vertebrae, ankle

hinge

bend in one direction

• elbow, knee, phalanges

pivot

rotation in on plane

• atlas-axis

ellipsoidal or condyloid

thumb has greater form of movement

• metacarpal-phalange, finger, thumb joint

saddle

trapezium-thumb

ball-and-socket

greatest form of movement

• shoulder/hip

parts of thorax

• sternum

• ribs

parts of sternum

• manubrium

• body

• xiphoid process

ribs (12 pairs)

• true (7 pairs)

• false (5 pairs, 2 of which are floating)

parts of appendicular skeleton

pectoral girdle

• clavicle

• scapula

clavicle

• lateral end (acromial end)

• medial facet (sternal facet)

scapula

• spine

• coracoid process

• acromion

• glenoid cavity

• axillary border (lateral border)

• vertebral border (medial border)

• supraspinous fossa

• infraspinous fossa

• subscapular fossa

parts of upper extremities

• humerus

• ulna

• radius

• carpals

• metacarpals

• phalanges

humerus

• greater & lesser tubercles

• intertubercular groove (bicipital groove)

• deltoid tuberosity

• head

• olecranon fossa

• capitulum

• trochlea

• coronoid fossa

• lateral and medial epicondyles

ulna

• olecranon process

• trochlear notch

• coronoid process

• styloid process of ulna

radius

• head

• neck

• radial tuberosity

• styloid process of radius

carpals

• scaphoid

• trapezium

• trapezoid

• lunate

• pisiform

• triquetrum

• hamate

• capitate

metacarpals

phalanges

proximal, middle & distal

parts of pelvic girdle (ID male v. female)

• ilium

• pubis/pubic bone

• ischium

pelvic girdle

• obturator foramen

• acetabulum

• sacroiliac joint

ilium

• iliac crest

• anterior superior illiac spine

• posterior superior iliac spine

• greater sciatic notch

pubis/pubic bone

• pubic crest

• pubic symphysis

• pubic tubercle

• inferior/ramus of pubis

ischium

• ischial spine

• ischial tuberosity

• lesser sciatic notch

• inferior ramus of ischium

parts of lower extremities

• femur

• fibula

• tibia

• patella

femur

• head

• neck

• greater and lesser trochanters

• lateral and medial condyles

• patellar surface

• gluteal tuberosity

fibula

• head

• lateral malleolus

tibia

• lateral and medial condyles

• intercondylar eminence

• tibial tuberosity

• medial malleolus

patella

parts of tarsals

• calcaneus

• talus

• navicular

• cuboid

• cuneiforms

metatarsals

bones of foot itself

phalanges

• proximal

• middle

• distal