Developmental Psychology: Arithmetic Development

A series of flashcards covering key concepts from Developmental Psychology focused on Arithmetic Development.

What is numerical equality in infants?

Numerical equality is the realization that all sets of N objects have something in common; 5-month-old infants show a sense of numerical equality for sets of 1-3 objects.

At what age do children show precise representation of sets larger than 3?

Children show precise representation of sets larger than 3 around age 3-4 years.

What is subitizing?

Subitizing is the process by which adults and children can determine the number of objects in a small set almost immediately.

What do infants do when they see a seemingly impossible event?

5-month-old infants look longer at seemingly impossible events, indicating surprise.

What fundamental concepts do children understand by age 3 in counting?

Children understand 1-to-1 correspondence, stable order, cardinality, order irrelevance, and abstraction.

What is the 'min' strategy in arithmetic?

The 'min' strategy is when children start counting from the larger of two numbers.

What do Siegler and Jenkins' research findings suggest about children's strategy use?

Children used different strategies on 1/3 of trials for the same problem, indicating variability in strategy selection.

What does the Overlapping Waves Theory propose?

The Overlapping Waves Theory proposes that children generate various problem-solving strategies and may use multiple strategies at the same age.

How does counting on fingers affect children's maths performance?

Finger-counting is significantly correlated with better performance and working memory ability in mathematical tasks.

What impact did a longitudinal study find regarding reading and maths scores?

Children who read at least once a week at age 10 had better maths test scores (+10%) at age 16.

What did the study with first-grade children show about bedtime math routines?

First-grade children completing maths problems as part of their bedtime routine significantly improved in mathematics ability.

How do parents and children engage in maths talk during storybook reading?

Parents and children produce more maths-related talk in explicit conditions where maths information is included in text and illustrations.

What role do board games play in teaching maths skills?

Board games help teach maths understanding through features like number squares determining movement and number names spoken.

What was the objective of Ramani and Siegler's studies on board games?

Their studies aimed to assess how playing board games with a partner influences preschool children’s mathematical understanding.

What is the effect of linear games on children's number line estimation?

Children showed significant improvement in number line estimation after playing linear games compared to control and circular games.

How did the impact of board games on mathematical understanding persist?

Children's understanding of number line estimation was largely preserved 9 weeks after the initial intervention.