states of matter vocabulary; adv chem

melting point

the temperature at which a crystalline solid becomes a liquid

nonpolar

describes a molecule where there is NOT an unequal distribution of charge

viscosity

the measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow

freezing point

the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid

surfactant

soaps and detergents that lower water’s surface tension

sublimation

the process by which a solid changes directly to a gas without first becoming a liquid

vapor pressure

the pressure exerted by an evaporated substance over a liquid

hydrogen bond

a type of dipole-dipole force of attraction that is responsible for water’s unique properties

vaporization

the process by which a liquid becomes a gas

polar

describes a molecule that has a permanent unequal distribution of charge due to electronegativity differences among the bonded atoms in the compound

deposition

the process by which a gas or a vapor becomes a solid

boiling point

the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure; for water is it 100 degrees Celcius

molecule

another name for a covalent compound

dipole

another name for a polar molecule

dispersion force

the force of attraction that exists among all molecules; the only force of attraction between nonpolar molecules

volatility

the tendency of a molecule to evaporate at normal temperatures

dipole-dipole force

the force of attraction between two polar molecules

condensation

the reverse process of vaporization (gas —> liquid)

surface tension

a measure of the inward pull by particles in the interior of a liquid; water has the highest measure of this among liquids due to hydrogen bonding

intermolecular force

the force of attraction between molecules

evaporation

vaporization only at the surface of the liquid