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Where is Ethiopia located?
On the horn of Africa
What are some of the barriers to Ethiopia's development?
The country is landlocked, natural disasters (e.g. droughts, famine) happen frequently, their history, their government, and previous war with Eritrea
How has being a landlocked country restricted Ethiopia's development?
Because they are landlocked, it is harder to receive goods from trade/export goods because they either have to drive through other countries or fly the goods in, which is more expensive.
How has their past restricted Ethiopia's development?
Ethiopia was colonised by Italy from 1935 - 1941. Upon independence, their government was left very unstable and communism gained popularity due to people having to go through famine, unrest and droughts. This led to a successful military coup in 1974. Ethiopia was under the communist Derg government from 1974 - 1991. They grabbed tracts of land and evicted the owners, which caused migration, refugees and economic decline.
How have natural disasters restricted Ethiopia's development?
Ethiopia frequently suffers from droughts and famines. During these times, farmers cannot grow any crops to sell, so they cannot trade with other countries.
How has the government restricted Ethiopia's government?
The government is still not perfect (although fairly stable) and due to their history of corrupt and unstable governments many years of development have been lost.
What are the 5 stages of Rostow's Model?
The traditional society, the preconditions for takeoff, the takeoff, the drive to maturity, and the age of mass consumption
What happens at the Traditional Society stage of Rostow's Model + give an example of a country in this stage
Most people are working in the primary sector (mostly in agriculture), local trade happens (no international trade), an example of this is Burkina Faso
What happens Precondition for Takeoff in Rostow's Model + give an example of a country in this stage
The industrial and manufacturing society begins, agriculture is commercialised and trade expands overseas, an example of this is Ghana
What happens at Takeoff in Rostow's Model + give an example of a country in this stage
Substantial manufacturing sectors become developed, there is a technological breakthrough, an example of this is Thailand
What happens at the Drive to Maturity in Rostow's Model + give an example of a country in this stage
The economy is steadily growing, more modern technology, workers in agriculture drastically decrease, workers gain greater skills and are paid more, an example of this is China
What happens at the High Mass Consumption stage of Rostow's Model + give an example of a country in this stage
High value goods are normalised for purchase, consumers are beyond their basic needs, many people are living in cities (urban society), most people are working in the tertiary sector, an example of this is the US
What are some of the TNCs in Ethiopia?
Hilton Hotels, Siemens, General Electric (GE), Atriflora, Dow Chemicals, H&M, Huajian Shoe Factory,
What are some of the advantages to TNCs in Ethiopia?
Products are tailored to African customers
new and improved infrastructure
helped build new dams
trade links to other countries
TNCs invest in development, causing economic growth
What are some of the disadvantages to TNCs in Ethiopia?
Locals are only employed in low-paying jobs
Highly qualified Ethiopians who are capable of taking up higher positions within TNCs are not given these jobs
The government takes out massive loans, and cannot pay this debt
Concerns about sustainability, some of the roads are deteriorating
What are the Millennium Development Goals?
1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equality and empower women
4. Reduce child mortality
5. Improve maternal health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Develop a global partnership for development
How much does Ethiopia export every year?
3 billion USD
How much does Ethiopia import every year?
11 billion USD
How much debt is Ethiopia in?
8 billion USD
What are Ethiopia's main exports?
Coffee, vegetables and legumes, pulses and oilseeds, flowers, livestock
What are Ethiopia's main imports?
Petroleum, trucks, fertilisers, construction, wheat
How much did the tourist sector in Ethiopia grow by in 2018, and how much did it contribute to the economy?
48.6%, contributed 7.4 billion USD (9.4% of total economy)
How many people are employed in the tourist sector in Ethiopia?
Over 2.5 million people
What percentage of visitors to Ethiopia are tourists?
79%
What percentage of visitors to Ethiopia are international?
77%
How many visitors does the Addis Ababa Bole International Airport attract every year?
22 million people
How many people need food aid in Ethiopia?
8 million people
What is Direct Foreign Investment?
Active ownership of a foreign company or of overseas manufacturing or marketing facilities
Which country funded the first 6 lane highway in Ethiopia?
China
Because China has been demanding repayments, what has the Ethiopian government resorted to, and how does this cause further problems for the country?
Borrowing from the World Bank and IMF, which causes more debt
What are some of the benefits of Goat Aid in Ethiopia?
The manure can be used for crops
Goats are cheap
Can breed more goats
Use goat fur for clothes
Can get milk and wheat
What are some of the problems of Goat Aid in Ethiopia?
Can be hard to transport
Diseases can spread
People have to be educated on looking after the goats properly
Veterinary bills can be expensive, sometimes vets are inaccessible
Goats need to be fed
What is a bottom up development strategy + give an example
These strategies focus on the needs of individual communities, and are funded by charities or NGOs. An example is when the charity Farm Africa trained locals to be better farmers so that they can sell their goods and provided them with animals that they can breed and make money from.
What is a top down development strategy + give an example
These strategies are large scale projects, funded by the government and have an impact on many people, not just certain communities. An example is the Gibe III dam on the Omo River, which provides many people with electricity, and also makes the water safer so that it can be stored in case of droughts.
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