EEX 5612 aba quizzes

The most parsimonious explanation __________

requires the fewest assumptions

This characteristic of science reveals high probabilities in which problem behavior occurs under certain conditions, allowing practitioner to predict which interventions will be more effective.

prediction

I point to a picture of orange juice on a menu and the server brings me orange juice. The next morning I go to the refrigerator and get some orange juice for me to drink. That weekend, my partner brings orange juice with breakfast after I asked" Can you bring me some orange juice?" My three responses form a ______

Response class

Which of the following examples is a private event?

X = Talking to a stranger at the airport

Y = Enjoying a conversation with a stranger at the airport

Y is an example of a private event

Eli's behavior plan targets increasing on-task behavior. The para, Suzy, gives him 1:1 assistance and provides Eli verbal praise whenever he is on-task for 10 minutes. When Suzy is out absent, Laura fills in. When working with Laura, Eli stays on task for an average of 3 minutes and then screams profanities. Laura says "That's not nice!" and takes him to the "chill out" area. What behavior did Laura likely reinforce?

Screaming Profanities

Which of the following is an explanatory fiction? A child becomes a professional basketball player because:

He was gifted at playing from an early age.

Devon is driving his brand new car, sees a yellow light, and "hits" the gas (i.e., he speeds through the yellow light). Devon's car is hit. Devon is fine, but his brand new car is totaled. In the future, under similar conditions, Devon no longer "speeds up" when he sees a yellow light. Which of the following is the antecedent?

seeing the yellow light

Which best characterizes a topographical definition of "bullying?"

shoving a person forward and saying" Give me your lunch money

Behavior that operates during the lifetime of an individual is ____________

ontogenic

Which of the following exemplifies the "behavioral" dimension of ABA?

sleeping during the day

sweating after working out

thinking about what to do next

(all of the above)

Heather hears a phone ring, then picks up the phone. Her husband talks with her over the phone. What is the behavior in this three-term contingency?

Heather picks up the phone

A neutral stimulus can be made into a reinforcer by:

pairing it with an unconditioned stimulus

Michael is given access to a preferred item (a basketball) to play with. After 5 minutes, he is directed to complete his reading assignment. He immediately goes to complete the assignment.

This is an example of:

None. Reinforcement is not demonstrated in this example.

Which of the following is not an appropriate way to identify potential reinforcers?

Pick a stimulus that has proven to be reinforcing for others.

Ms. Nguyen's is an elementary school teacher of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder. She wants to conduct a preference assessment for each of her 10 students but is limited to items in her classroom, the use of her classroom tables to conduct the assessment, and constraints of time in between lessons. She has already observed and recorded each student playing freely with the items available for access in her classroom and is using the data collected to conduct a more structured assessment that would yield multiple potential reinforcers. Which stimulus preference assessment would you recommend she conduct to meet her goals and needs?

Multiple stimulus without replacement

Tamika, a BCBA, conducted a stimulus preference assessment and identified access to the computer, listening to music, and playing video games on the Xbox as highly preferred stimuli. She delivered these potential reinforcers on a fixed schedule independent of the occurrence of the target behavior. Her delivery of the potential reinforcers is also referred to as:

Noncontingent reinforcement

Assume you have a student in class, Ben, who becomes severely aggressive whenever another student takes his toys away from him. When Ben hits them, the other children tend to return the toys they took away from him. In the future, Ben hits his peers when they try to take his toys from him. What can be said about this situation?

Ben's aggression has been positively reinforced by the children returning the toy to him.

Laura doesn't want to eat peas but her parents keep trying to get her to eat them. At dinner time, if there any peas on her plate, she will scream and shout with intense magnitude and long duration. Her parents always give in and take the peas away due to the severe screaming. In the future, Laura screaming behaviors continues whenever there are peas on her plate. This is an example of:

negative reinforcement

What information does a concurrent schedule reinforcer assessment provide?

Whether or not a stimulus functions as a reinforcer and how effective that stimulus is as a reinforcer compared to other stimuli.

Experimental control when evaluating positive reinforcement is demonstrated by comparing:

a)Response rates in the presence of a contingency

b)Response rates in the absence of a contingency

c)Fixed time reinforcement to differential reinforcement

d)Differential reinforcement of other behavior to another reinforcement schedule, such as differential reinforcement of alternate behavior

(All of the above)

Natalie receives access to a preferred reinforcer for every 4 math problems she completes correctly. What schedule of reinforcement is this?

FR-4

Select the most accurate statement regarding schedules of reinforcement.

INT is best for maintaining behavior change and CRF is best for increasing behaviors.

Individuals in an adult day program can bring their completed tasks to their supervisor, turn it in, then go to the break room at the top of the hour. If the individual does not finish their task before the top of the hour, he/she does not get a break. At 15 minutes after the hour, the break room closes until the top of the next hour. What type of schedule does this resemble?

FI-1 hour w/ LH-15 min.

Rochelle is a teacher in a preschool classroom where students have a 5-minute circle time each morning. During circle time, Lucas raises his hand at a high rate. After taking baseline data, it was measured that Lucas raises his hand approximately 12 times during each circle time. Rochelle decided that Lucas would be allowed to go to the sand table (his favorite activity) if he raises his hand 10 times or less during circle time. As his hand raising decreases, Rochelle will decrease the number of times he is able to raise his hand to access the reinforcer. This procedure is known as:

Differential reinforcement of low rates of responding.

Which of the following exemplifies reinforcement schedule thinning?

FR50 --> FR55

A rat performs a bar-pressing task for a food reinforcer on a FR-35 FI-1 minute schedule. The reinforcer is contingent upon the rat performing 35 bar-presses and at least one bar-press following a 1-minute interval. This is an example of which schedule of reinforcement?

conjunctive

Which of the following can increase the chances of ratio strain occurring?

Abruptly increasing the number of responses required for reinforcement.

Requiring a response that exceeds that learner's physiological capabilities.

Failing to provide instructions that communicate the change in the schedule of reinforcement.

(All of the above)

A father tells his child "I will check your room every Saturday morning. If it is clean, you'll earn an extra dollar of allowance." What reinforcement schedule is in effect?

FI

Which of the following behaviors should NOT use a DRL?

Head banging

Which of the following is not a side effect of punishment?

People who see punishment procedures being used later copy what they have seen.

Strong and unpleasant emotional reactions are evoked.

Escape behaviors are evoked with those people, places, and things associated with punishment.

-Correct! (These are all potential side effects.)

"Time-in" as it related to "time-out" can be understood as:

A desired condition or environment

All of the following are forms of exclusionary time-out EXCEPT:

Being placed in the back of the classroom

All of the following increase the effectiveness of punishment EXCEPT:

Provide opportunities to avoid punishment by engaging in the appropriate behavior after the target behavior has occurred

In Mr. Martino's classroom, students earn a point on their point card each time a beep sounds on the tape if they are following classroom rules. For each classroom rule infraction, a point is marked off the point card. At the end of the day, students may spend the points remaining on their cards in the class store. This is an example of:

response cost

Behavioral contrast is exemplified by which of the following situations?

A child's parents successfully implement a punishment procedure for self-injury at home and his self-injury increases at school.

You have been working with a parent and, after careful assessment, have decided to use reprimands to reduce her child's teasing of his siblings. There were no other interventions utilized, and the teasing has decreased over the past few weeks. What should you focus on next?

building appropriate social skills to replace teasing

Which of the following demonstrates a negative punishment procedure?

A student is in art class, which she loves. She throws her paint brush at a peer. She is sent to the principal's office. In the future, she no longer throws a paint brush in art class.

An adult with an intellectual disability and limited communication is engaging in severe eye gouging behavior at a rate of 3 times per hour. The behavior analyst has implemented a plan that requires staff to hold the adult's hands down as soon as he reaches for his face. This is an example of:

manual restraint.

Prior to using punishment procedures, you must determine all of the following EXCEPT:

If more intrusive procedures have been tried and found to be ineffective

When Bobby was given a worksheet in class, he screamed and crawled under his desk. Bobby would continue to scream and remain under his desk until his teacher removed the worksheet and left him alone. Which of the following extinction procedures is the most appropriate choice?

Extinction of behavior maintained by negative reinforcement

Interventions are most effective when they are matched to the __________ forms of extinction.

functional

In the past, when Bobby was left alone at his desk to complete independent seat work, he screamed and shouted until he received the teacher's attention. Today, the teacher no longer attends to Bobby when he screams and shouts and only provides him with attention when he raises his hand. For the next several hours, Bobby shouts louder and screams for longer periods of time than he normally would. With regards to Bobby's behavior, this is an example of:

extinction burst

Tylor is 5 years old and extremely limited in his expressive verbal skills. When at the playground with his mother, another child takes one of his toy cars. His mother had been talking with another parent and did not notice. Tylor begins to yell and scream, but his mother, after determining that he did not appear to be hurt, ignores him and continues talking. Tylor not only continues with the yelling and screaming, he escalates to hitting. What should Tylor's mother do?

Since Tylor is engaging in an aggressive problem behavior, she should attend to his needs immediately and attempt to help him to communicate in a more functional and appropriate manner.

Imagyn is in middle school. In her literature class, which she enjoys, she is often out of seat, waving her hands wildly to get her teacher's attention as she calls to her. Her teacher decides to implement an extinction program to decrease the out-of-seat behavior. She is careful to observe when Imagyn is seated at her desk and working and requesting attention. She responds immediately when Imagyn's hand goes up and she is seated at her desk. If the teacher is busy with another student and Imagyn gets out of her seat, calls loudly and waves her hands, the teacher ignores her. She does, however, watch for the moment that Imagyn sits at her desk and is quiet for a brief time, and immediately reinforces Imagyn by attending to her at that time. What error has the teacher made?

None. She is demonstrating the proper way to implement an extinction program.

All of the following are factors that could affect resistance to extinction EXCEPT:

familiarity of the person delivering extinction procedures

Target behaviors occurring during the maintenance conditions in the above graph are typically indicative of what effect?

spontaneous recovery

On the playground during recess, Victor screams and shouts when he is left along for more than a few minutes. In the past, the teachers have run over to him and asked if anything was wrong. After assessing the function of this behavior, it was determined he was engaging in screaming and shouting for attention. Now, when Victor screams and shouts on the playground after being left alone, the teachers do not ask him any questions. For a few days, Victor screams and shouts for longer periods of time. What procedure has been demonstrated?

Extinction

Bobby spends most of the school day sitting on the classroom floor, rocking back and forth. While he is rocking, he flaps both of his hands back and forth in a rapid manner. Which of the following extinction procedures is the most appropriate choice?

Extinction of behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement.

All of the following statements are true about extinction procedures EXCEPT:

Extinction prevents the occurrence of problem behaviors.

Sarah often cries and kicks over her Legos when can not figure out how to build the toy figure in the kit. Her father only praises her or gives her any attention when she asks for help appropriately. This is an example of which schedule of differential reinforcement?

DRA

Functional Communication Training (FCT)

teaches an alternative behavior for the problem behavior.

is an antecedent intervention.

does not alter the EO that evoke the problem behavior.

===Correct! (all of the above)

On average, Chris smokes 5 cigarettes an hour. His girlfriend gives him a kiss and a hug if he doesn't smoke a cigarette for 10 minutes. This is an example of which schedule of reinforcement?

DRL

Jeannette engages in inappropriate forms of self-stimulatory behaviors in movie theaters (she flaps her hands and raises her arms). The behavior analyst trained the group home staff to make sure Jeannette has a bucket of popcorn (which she loves to eat) to hold throughout the movie. What type of procedure does this demonstrate?

DRI

Providing non-contingent reinforcement (NCR) as a way to reduce the likelihood of problem behavior occurring in a particular setting could technically be considered as:

an abolishing operation for one or more types of reinforcement.

All of the following are true when implementing a high-p request sequence EXCEPT:

It includes moderate to long inter-request intervals.

Elaine is a 2-year-old, nonverbal child diagnosed with autism. When she wants to eat, she screams and hits the refrigerator with her fists. When she is tired, she bangs her head on the floor. After conducting a functional behavioral assessment, and observing the dynamic between Elaine and her family, it was determined that the function of her behaviors was primarily positive reinforcement in the form of access of desired items. A BCBA implemented a treatment plan that required Elaine point to pictures if she wanted access to preferred items. Additionally, her family members were trained to immediately respond to Elaine's picture-pointing requests and block the aggressive and harmful behaviors while not providing any attention. This is an example of:

Functional Communication Training (FCT)

You would like to decrease the number of times a student sharpens her pencil during class. However, you don't want to completely eliminate this behavior. Which type of reinforcement program makes the most sense?

DRL

If I want to use DRI to decrease Melinda's hitting other children in the hallway, I would:

Provide reinforcement contingent on Melinda walking down the hall with her hands in her pockets or folded across her chest.

You are working with a student who is frequently out of his seat and have determined this behavior functions as escape. You decide to provide the student with reinforcement in the form of a 1 minute break every time he is in his seat for 5 consecutive minutes. If he does not stay in his seat for 5 consecutive minutes, you withhold the reinforcer. What type of intervention have you implemented?

DNRA

An individual, who is on a strict diet plan targeting the reduction of his sugar intake, tends to reach for a piece of chocolate when he passes the candy dish at work. An appropriate antecedent strategy for him would be:

text his BCBA three negative side effects of eating too much sugar before he reaches for the piece of chocolate

put the candy dish in a location that is out of sight

put the candy dish in a location that is unreachable

=-Correct Answer (All of the above would be appropriate.)

You are watching television. A show comes on that you are not interested in watching. You begin to look for the remote control. The TV show functions as a(an):

CMO-T

A young infant sees his mother frown immediately prior to giving a scolding, signaling the "worsening" of his condition. The onset of the mother's frown may establish its own offset as an effective form of reinforcement and evoke behaviors that have been associated with its removal in the past. Engaging in these specific behaviors or activities function as a(aN;

CMO-R

An electrician reaches for a screwdriver but it does not fit. She sees the correct screwdriver in her toolbox, which is out of her reach. The sight of the correct screwdriver in the toolbox function as a(an):

SD

A decrease in body temperature (i.e., becoming too cold) makes becoming warmer a more effective form of reinforcement. This is an:

establishing effect

Although you are still exhausted, you wake up and look at your alarm clock. The "alarm on" indicator is present and the time indicates there is one more minute left before the alarm goes off. The alarm being set functions as a(an):

CMO-R

You are camping and begin scratching at the mosquito bites you are receiving. You see you have many bites all over your legs and immediately put on bug spray. Mosquito bites have a:

reinforcer establishing & evocative effect

While teaching my son how to drive, I remind him to come to a complete stop at stop signs. He ignores my request and I tell him "If you do not come to a complete stop, the driving lesson will be over." In the past, when I have made this statement and he continued to ignore my request, I have immediately stopped the driving lessons. This time, he comes to a complete stop at every stop sign. My statement abated his ignoring behavior and functioned as a(an):

Sd for punishment

When Debbie would hang out with her friends at lunch time, they would start making fun of her hair and clothing and Debbie would run to the bathroom and cry. She would often be eating her usual peanut butter and jelly sandwich when this occurred. One Sunday afternoon, her mother brought her a peanut butter and jelly sandwich and Debbie burst out in tears, even though her friends were nowhere around. In relation to crying, the peanut butter and jelly sandwich functioned as a(an):

CMO-S

All of the following are classified as unconditioned motivating operations EXCEPT

Money

Which of the following is an example of an arbitrary stimulus class?

The following women's restroom signs: the word woman, a pictogram of a woman, and a painting of a mermaid

To establish discrimination,

deliver reinforcement in the presence of an SD.

withhold reinforcement in the presence of an S-delta.

withhold reinforcement in the absence of an SD.

=Correct Answer All of the above

A teacher is reviewing the steps of a task analysis for washing hands. When she reviews the step for "rub hands together," she taps the student on the wrist. This is an example of a:

PHYSICAL PROMPT

After learning that a picture of water went with the spoken word "water", and that the spoken word "Agua" matches the spoken word "Water", Sam tacted the picture of the liquid stuff "agua." This demonstrates:

Transitivity (CMO-T)

Prompting the selection of the correct item by moving it closer than the other choices is an example of:

position cue

A student sometimes identifies an item on a picture card incorrectly. However, when the card is in the context of a situation, he sometimes identifies it correctly. What would be the best form of practice for this student?

Create sentences with the picture card

Valentina is able to match a picture of a shirt to a picture of a shirt without any prior training with these pictures. This demonstrates:

Reflexivity (CMO-R)

After learning to match the written word "Honda" with a picture of a car, Lucy was able to match a picture of a car with the written word "Honda" without any prior training, this represents:

Symmetry (CMO-S)

A child can discriminate the written words "truck" and "plane." To ensure saying "truck" is under the appropriate stimulus control, you would make sure he says "truck" when presented:

Randomly with other words such as "luck," "shuck," "muck."

Printing a child's name on a piece of paper and having him trace his name then, over time, slowly removing one letter of his name, requiring him to trace the first letters but to print the last letters himself is an example of:

stimulus fading.

Saying "I'm good!" in response to "How are you today?" is a(an):

intraverbal

In the echoic-to-mand transfer procedure, the echoic stimulus is gradually faded and replaced by:

motivational operations (MO's)

in a duplic operant, the response:

is in the same form as the prior stimulus

is in the same form as prior responses

is followed by specific forms of reinforcement

Correct Answer Both A and B

Pointing to a cup when directed to do so is a (an):

listener behavior

Learners were able to make contact with an audience using a few generalized mands and beginning to function as speakers. However, they were limited to using generic responses for meeting specific functions. Which of the following communication training procedures is this indicative of?

FCT

Placing a bowl of chocolates on the table in front a client who loves chocolate and hasn't eaten for 4 hours and restricting access to the chocolate could be described as:

capturing motivating events

During latter trials of the echoic-to-mand transfer procedure, the implementer should prompt the learner by saying

Nothing at all

Saying "The pillow is on the bed." when someone else asks "Where's the pillow?" is an example of:

autoclitic intraverbal

The only verbal operant that is under the control of a non-verbal stimulus is a(an):

tact

You are a BCBA assigned to a 7-year-old child with an impaired communicative repertoire. During your initial sessions, you should do all of the following EXCEPT:

fade in task demands as compliance increases