In class test NP1

Aetiological Agent

The pathogen responsible for causing infection, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, or parasites.

Reservoir

The habitat in which the agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies, including humans, animals, insects, or the environment.

Portal of Exit

The path by which the agent leaves the reservoir, such as the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, blood, or skin.

Method of Transmission

How the agent is transferred from the reservoir to a susceptible host, including direct and indirect transmission.

Susceptible Host

An individual who is vulnerable to infection, influenced by factors like age, weakened immune system, and chronic diseases.

Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)

Infections acquired in a healthcare setting, significant due to their preventability, prevalence, and cost.

Five Moments for Hand Hygiene

Key moments to perform hand hygiene: before touching a patient, before aseptic procedures, after exposure to body fluids, after touching a patient, and after touching patient surroundings.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards; includes gloves, gowns, face masks, and eyewear.

Standard Precautions

Infection control practices such as hand hygiene and use of PPE to prevent transmission of infections.

Transmission-Based Precautions

Additional precautions required for patients with known or suspected infections, tailored to the route of transmission.