Biology Vocabulary and Concepts

Flashcards covering key biological terms and concepts.

Tendon

A band of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

Bursae

Small fluid-filled sacs that cushion and lubricate areas in the body where friction may occur.

Supination

The outward roll of the foot during normal motion.

Pronation

The inward roll of the foot during normal motion.

Dorsiflexion

The action of raising the foot upwards.

Anemia

A condition characterized by a deficiency of red cells or of hemoglobin in the blood.

Platelets

Small blood cells that help with blood clotting at the site of an injury.

Pericardium

The double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels.

Pulmonary vein

A blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

Lymphatic system

A part of the circulatory system that helps transport lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells.

Thymus

An organ that is essential for the development of T lymphocytes (T cells).

Central nervous system

The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers that transmit signals across a chemical synapse.

Meninges

Three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord.

Sclera

The white outer coating of the eyeball.

Retina

The light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the inner eye.

Cochlea

A spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear responsible for hearing.

Epiglottis

A flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing.

Visceral pleura

The membrane that covers the lungs.

Pharynx

The membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus.

Pylorus

The opening from the stomach into the small intestine.

Thyroid gland

A gland that produces hormones regulating metabolism, body heat, and bone growth.