CH 13: The Female Reproductive System (Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology)

colp/o, vagin/o

vagina

epis/o, vulv/o

vulva

perine/o

perineum

gynec/o, gyn/o

woman

mast/o,mamm/o

breast

lact/o

milk

cervic/o

cervix

hyster/o, metr/o,uter/o

uterus

pelv/i

pelvis

oophor/o,ovari/o

ovary

men/o

menstruation

salping/o

fallopian tube

amni/o

amnion

-cyesis

pregnancy

chori/o, chorion/o

chorion (outermost membrane of the fetus)

toc/o

labor

fet/o

fetus

part/o,nat/o

birth

amenorrhea

AY-men-oh-REE-ah

no menstruation; a / meno / rrhea

no / menstruation / discharge

colpostenosis

KOL-poh-steh-NOH-sis

narrowing in the vaginal opening

dysmenorrhea

DIS-men-oh-REE-ah

painful menstruation

dyspareunia

dis-pah-ROO-nee-ah

painful sexual intercourse

gynecomastia

GAI-neh-koh-MAS-tee-a

development of breast tissue in males

gyneco / mast / ia

woman / breast / condition

hysteralgia

HIS-ter-AL-jah

pain in the uterus

hysterodynia

HIS-ter-oh-DIH-nee-ah

pain in the uterus

leukorrhea

LOO-koh-REE-ah

white vaginal discharge

mastalgia

mas-TAL-jah

breast pain

mastoptosis

MAS-top-TOH-sis

downward displacement (drooping) of the breast

menorrhagia

MEN-oh-RAY-jah

excessive menstrual flow

menorrhalgia

MEN-oh-RAL-jah

painful menstruation

metromenorrhagia

MEH-troh-MEN-oh-RAY-jah

excessive menstrual bleeding at irregular intervals

metro=uterus

metrorrhagia

menstrual bleeding at irregular times

oligomenorrhea (AW-lih-goh-MEN-oh-REE-ah)

infrequent or light menstrual periods

ovaralgia

OH-var-AL-jah

pain of the ovaries

ovarialgia

oh-VAR-ee-AL-jah

pain of the ovaries

perineocele

PER-ih-NEE-oh-seel

hernia in the perineal region

polymenorrhea

PAW-lee-MEN-oh-REE-ah

menstrual periods occurring with greater than normal frequency

vaginodynia

vaginal pain

vulvodynia

pain in the vulva

amniorrhea

discharge of amniotic fluid

amniorrhexis

rupture of the amniotic sac

Braxton Hicks contractions

sporadic contractions of the uterine muscles of women not in labor; also known as false labor

contraction

shortening or tightening of a muscle

amastia

ay-MAS-tee-ah

a / mast / ia

no/ breast/ condition

Definition absence of breast

cervical dysplasia

bad formation of cervical cells

SER-vih-kal dis-PLAY-zhah

cervic/al dys/plasia

cervix/pertaining to bad/formation

colpoptosis

KOL-pawp-TOH-sis

downward displacement of the vagina

episiostenosis

eh-PEE-zee-oh-stih-NOH-sis

narrowing of the vulvar opening

hematosalpinx

blockage in a fallopian tube caused by blood

hydrosalpinx

HAI-droh-SAL-pinks

blockage in a fallopian tube caused by water (or any clear fluid)

hypermastia

HAI-per-MAS-tee-ah

hyper / mast / ia

over/ breast/ condition

Definition excessively large breasts

hypomastia

HAI-poh-MAS-tee-ah

abnormally small breasts

hysteroptosis

HIS-ter-awp-TOH-sis

downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina

macromastia (MAK-roh-MAS-tee-ah)

abnormally large breasts

micromastia

MAI-kroh-MAS-tee-ah

micro / mast / ia

small/ breast/ condition

Definition abnormally small breasts

oophorocystosis

ovarian cysts

pyosalpinx

PAI-oh-SAL-pinks

blockage in a fallopian tube caused by pus

uterine prolapse

downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina

colposcope

instrument used for visual examination of the vagina

coposcopy

procedure for examining the vagina

hysteroscope

instrument used for visual examination of the uterus

hysteroscopy

procedure for examining the uterus

Pap Smear

test used to detect cancer cells, most commonly in the cervix

vaginoscope

VAJ-ih-noh-SKOHP

instrument used to examine the vagina

endometrium

EN-doh-MEE-tree-um

inner layer of uterine tissue

gynecologist

GAI-neh-KAW-loh-jist

specialist in medical issues specific to women

gynecology

study of the female reproductive system and its diseases

menarche

the first menstrual period

myometrium

middle layer of uterus

perimetrium

outer layer of uterus

speculum

SPEH-kyoo-lum

from Latin, for mirror

Definition device for examining a body cavity, most commonly the vagina

bradytocia

slow labor

cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)

condition preventing normal delivery through the birth canal; either the baby's head is too large or the birth canal is too small

congenital anomaly

irregular condition that is present at the time of birth

dystocia

difficult labor

eutocia

yoo-TOH-shee-ah

eu / toc / ia

good/ birth/ condition

Definition normal labor

gravida

GRAH-vid-ah

pregnant

hysterocele

hernia of the uterus

conception

The process of the sperm fertilizing the ovum

fertilization

the process of an egg and sperm joining to form

gestation

process of carrying (gest) a child from conception to birth

implantation

process of fertilized egg attaching or adhering to uterus; enables it to beginning to receive oxygen and nutrient from the mother to continue to grow

ovulation

process in which an egg is released from the ovary

antepartum

time before birth

intrapartum

time during birth

lactation

production of milk

natal

pertaining to birth

postpartum

after childbirth

neonatal

newborn

prenatal

before birth

perinatal

time around the birth, normally ranging from 28 weeks of pregnancy to 28 days after pregnancy

postnatal

after birth

neonatologist

NEE-oh-nay-TAW-loh-jist

specialist in the neonatal period

neonatology (nee-oh-nay-TOL-oh-jee)

the study of disorders of the newborn

obstetrician

A doctor who specializes in pregnancy, labor, and delivery

obstetrics

branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth

perinatologist

PEH-ree-nay-TAW-loh-jist

peri / nato / logist

around/ birth/ specialist

Definition specialist in the perinatal period

perinatology

branch of medicine dealing with the perinatal period

teratology

branch of medicine dealing with the study of birth defects and their causes

Problems of the Female Reproductive System

cramps, PMS, toxic shock syndrome, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, STD, blocked fallopian tubes, ovarian cysts, cervical and ovarian cancer

problems associated with pregnancy

implantation , maternal problems, placenta, membranes, fetus