Quiz Unit 2 - Biochemistry

alpha glucose

OH group on carbon 1 points down

beta glucose

OH group on carbon 1 points up

cellulose

beta 1-4 glycosidic bonds; plant cell walls

starch

plant storage form of glucose

amylose (plant)

straight, alpha 1-4 bonds

amylopectin (plant)

branched, alpha 1-4 and 1-6 bonds

glycogen

animal polysaccharides; more branched than amylopectin

glycosidic bond

between sugars

peptide bond

between amino acids

phosphodiester bond

between nucleotides in dna/rna

ester bond

between fatty acids and glycerol

fibrous protein

long, structural

globular protein

spherical, functional

saturated fat

no double bonds, solid at room temp

monounsaturated

one double bond

polyunsaturated

two or more double bonds

triglycerides

formed via ester bonds between glycerol and fatty acids

phospholipids

amphipathic (hydrophilic head + hydrophobic tail)

channel protein

form pores

carrier proteins

change shape to transport substances

cholesterol

maintains fluidity

osmosis

water moves from low to high solute concentration

diffusion

passive movement down concentration gradient

facilitated diffusion

uses proteins

active transport

requires ATP

endocytosis/exocytosis

vesicle based bulk transport

hypertonic

water leaves cell, higher solute outside, crenation

hypotonic

water enters, lower solute outside, lysis

contractile vacuole

pumps out excess water in protists

golgi apparatus

modifies and packages proteins

lysosomes

breakdown waste

rough ER

protein synthesis

mitochondria

ATP production

characteristics of life

metabolism, reproduction, homeostasis, growth, response to stimuli, excretion, nutrition

somatic

body cells, not inherited

germline

gamates, passed to offspring

recessive disorder

two recessive alleles needed to be affected

photosynthesis

6 carbon dioxide + 6 water -> C6H12O6 + 6 oxygen