Chapter 6: Memory

Memory

Memory

________: an active system that receives information from the senses, puts that information into a usable form, and organizes it as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage.

Recognition

________: the ability to match a piece of information or a stimulus to a stored image or fact.

Hindsight Bias

________: the tendency to falsely believe, through revision of older memories to include newer information, that one could have correctly predicted the outcome of an event.

Disuse

________: another name for decay, assuming that memories that are not used will eventually decay and disappear.

Retrieval

________: getting information that is in storage into a form that can be used 6.2.

Nondeclarative

________ (Implicit) Memory: type of long- term memory including memory for skills, procedures, habits, and conditioned responses.

Elaborative Rehearsal

________: a method of transferring information from STM into LTM by making that information meaningful in some way.

Eidetic Imagery

________: the ability to access a visual memory for 30 seconds or more.

Anterograde Amnesia

________: loss of memory from the point of injury or trauma forward, or the inability to form new long- term memories.

Specificity

Encoding ________: the tendency for memory of information to be improved if related information (such as surroundings or physiological state) that is available when the memory is first formed is also available when the memory is being retrieved 6.7 Recall and Recognition.

Consolidation

________: the changes that take place in the structure and functioning of neurons when a memory is formed 6.13 When Memories Fail: Organic Amnesia.

Selective Attention

________: the ability to focus on only one stimulus from all sensory input.

Maintenance Rehearsal

________: practice of saying some information to be remembered over and over in ones head in order to maintain it in short- term memory 6.5 Long- Term Memory.

Decay

________: loss of memory due to the passage of time, during which the memory trace is not used.

Constructive Processing

________: referring to the retrieval of memories in which those memories are altered, revised, or influenced by newer information.

Recall

________: type of memory retrieval in which the information to be retrieved must be "pulled "from memory with very few external cues.

Declarative

________ (explicit) Memory: type of long- term memory containing information that is conscious and known.

Recency Effect

________: tendency to remember information at the end of a body of information better than the information that precedes it.

Infantile Amnesia

________: the inability to retrieve memories from much before age 3.

Storage

________: holding on to information for some period of time.

Serial Position Effect

________: tendency of information at the beginning and end of a body of information to be remembered more accurately than information in the middle of the body of information.

Semantic Network Model

________: model of memory organization that assumes information is stored in the brain in a connected fashion, with concepts that are related stored physically closer to each other than concepts that aren't highly rated Getting It Out: Retrieval of Long- Term Memories 6.6 Retrieval Cues.

Retrograde Amnesia

________: loss of memory from the point of some injury or trauma backward, or loss of memory for the past.