life functions, tissues, feedback loops and location

deep (internal)

away from the body surface; more internal

superficial (external)

toward or at the body surface

distal

farther from the origin of a body or the point of attachment to the body trunk

proximal

closer to the original of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

lateral

away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

intermediate

between a more medial and a more lateral structure

superior (cranial)

toward the head end of upper part of a structure of the body; above

ventral (anterior)

toward or at the front of the body; in front of

inferior (caudal)

away from the head end of toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

medial

toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

dorsal (posterior)

toward or at the back of the body; behind

excretion

removal of solid, liquid, and gaseous waste

maintenance of boundaries

separating intercellular from extracellular conditions; protecting the interior of the body from the exterior environment

growth

increase in cellular size or number in order to increase size and complexity of the organism; differentiation of cells within the body

reproduction

cellular reproduction for repair and replacement; organismal reproduction of the species

responsiveness/irritability

reaction to stimuli

movement

intracellular, within the body, and/or whole organism

metabolism

catabolic and anabolic reactions within the body

homeostasis

dependent on the conditions of the fluid outside the cells and the fluid inside the cells

feedback loop

a system in which a condition (variable) is monitored and controlled by a receptor, control center, and effector

positive feedback loop

occur when the response from the effector AMPLIFIES the initial stimuli; reinforcing loop

negative feedback loop

occur when the response from the effector REVERSES the initial loop; correcting loop

carcin/o

cancer

carp/o

carpals (wrist bones)

chondr/o

cartilage

crin/o

to secrete

crur/o

leg (lower)

dist/o

far, distant

femor/o

femur (thigh bone)

hist/o

tissue

home/o

sameness

iatr/o

treatment, physician

kary/o

nucleus

later/o

side

log/o

study of

medi/o

middle

mort/o

death

my/o

muscle

nect/o

to bind, tie, connect

neur/o

nerve

norm/o

rule, order

nucle/o

nucleus

path/o

disease

pelv/i

pelvis

poster/o

back, behind

proxim/o

nearest

pub/o

pubis

radi/o

x-rays, radius (lower arm bone) note context

sacr/o

sacrum

umbilic/o

navel, umbilicus

ventr/o

belly side of the body

vertebr/o

vertebra (backbones)

femoral

thigh (front and back)

pelvic

between genital and umbilical areas

perineal

region between anus and genitals

pubic

genital area

sternal

midline of chest (sternum)

thoracic

trunk (between neck and abdomen)

umbilical

bellybutton (umbilicus)

vertebral

midline of the back

brachial

upper arm

antebrachial

forearm

antecubital

front of elbow

acromial

shoulder