Chinese Literature

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Chinese Literature

It dates back thousands of years, from the dynastic court poetry to the fiction novel that blossomed during the Ming Dynasty to entertain the common literate Chinese.

Tang Dynasty (618-907) and Song Dynasty (960-1279)

The establish of woodblock printing during the ______ and the invention of movable type printing during the _____________ gave rise to written Chinese literature.

Book of Changes

It is one of the most important classical texts in Chinese literature.

Book of Changes

It is a book of divination based on eight trigrams (or any of the eight possible combinations of three whole broken lines used especially in Chinese divination), which existed during the Zhou Dynasty

Book of Changes

The writers of the Warring States period attempted to explain the world and its moral principles through the commentaries found in additional sections of the text.

Classic of Poetry

It is the earliest collection of poetry, consisting 305 poems that included folk and festival songs, hymns, and eulogies.

305 Poems

how many poems does the classic of poetry have?

Classic of History

The collection of documents and speeches written by rulers and officials of Zhou period is called the _________.

Classic of Rites

The ____________ is a collection of texts that describes ancient rites and court ceremonies during the Zhou dynasty.

Classic of Rites

It was written during the warring states period.

The Spring and Autumn Annals

It is a chronological history of the state of Lu.

The Spring and Autumn Annals

It contains monthly narrations of important events during the rule of the twelve leaders of Lu.

Analects of Confucius

It is a book of sayings recorded by his disciples that talks about his teachings on how to live a harmonious life and how to deal with other people.

Tang Dynasty

Classical poetry reached its peak during the ________ Dynasty.

lushi

The early Tang period was known for its ________, consisting of eight lines with five to seven characters in each line.

Li Po (Li Bai), and Tu Fu

Two distinguished poets of the early Tang Period were __________, known for the romanticism of his poems, and ______________, a Confucian moralist.

ci form

Another poetic form that became popular was the _________, which was first developed during the Tang Dynasty. It then flourished during the Song Dynasty, as poets based it on the tune of popular songs.

sanqu

The development of Chinese ________ poetry, a freer form patterned on dramatic arias, led to the development of vernacular Chinese literature.

Spring and Autumn

The ___________ periods contributed significantly to Chinese prose style.

Mencius and Zhuang Zi

Works of ____ and _____ demonstrated well-reasoned and carefully developed ideas and showed a remarkable improvement in style.

Mencius

He was noted for his elegant diction

Zhuang Zi

He was revered for his use of metaphorical, anecdotal, and allegorical style.

Tang Period

The _________ period saw the emergence of the neoclassical style of prose, which strongly influenced prose writing for the next yeras

Han Yu (786—824)

_________ was a major essayist who stronly advocated the return of Confucian orthodoxy.

Vernacular fictions

____________ became popular after the 14th century.

Dream of the Red Chamber

The greatest 18th century vernacular novel is __________ by Cao Xueqin

late Qing period (1895—1911)

Modern Chinese literature began in _________ which was described as a period of active intellectual pursuits sparked by a nationalistic climate.

Translated Western writings

This introduced new ideas and cultures, thereby resulting in the flowering of prose fiction that expressed new social and cultural roles for writers.

Social problems, historical upheaval, and changing values

Chinese fictions became concerned with what?

1. Li Boyuan

2. Liu E

3. Zheng Pu

Who are the distinguished writers of Modern Literature?

Li Bouyan

he was a writer who used vernacular writing for people who did not receive classical education. His writings are focused on social and political issues during the late Qing Dynasty as a reflection of the CHinese society of that period.

Liu E.

He was a writer, archaeologist, and politician who used symbolism and classical writing illustrations in his writing. This made his writing more appealing to those who  attained classical education. 

Zheng Pu

He was a novelist who used symbolism and classical literature illustrations in his writing. During his time, he was also known as the only author who knew a different language because he knew the French language.

Civilized drama

It was also during the late Qing dynasty that the new ____________ emerged, a hybrid of Chinese operatic drama and Western-style drama.

New Culture Movement (1917—1923)

The _____________________ saw the vernacular language being widely used and eventually displacing the classical language in all genres.

Lu Xun

Among those who popularized vernacular literature was ____________, considered as the founder of modern baihua (colloquial language) literature in China.

socialist realism

With the establishment of the League if the Left-Wing writers, Lu Xun and other followers adopted the ideals of ____________, adhering to the principle that art must depict contemporary events exposing the ills of nonsocialist society.

Maoist Era

The ____________ era placed the publishing industry and the book distribution system under government control and implemented strict censorship.

Post-Mao Era(1976-present)

The ____________ era published a large number of prose fiction.

Post-Mao Era

The writers protested against and bemoaned the abuses but also expressed their eagerness to contribute in building a new Chinese society. 

Post-Mao Era

Literary outlets were revived to satisfy the increasing appetite of the people.

Post-Mao Era

Literary magazines publishing translations of foreign fiction became very popular to the young generation. 

- Writers also became freer to write about sensitive matters that do not necessarily conform to literary conventions.

journalism and literature

one of the struggles of modern writers is the censorship imposed by the Chinese government on both ________ and __________, as evidenced by the blocking of certain websites and the banning of some books from being sold in China.