Neuromuscular/Neurological Alterations Practice Questions Foreign Language

What is the primary cause of hydrocephalus in children? A) Increased blood flow to the brain B) Increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles C) Decreased oxygenation in brain tissue D) Infection of the ventricles

What is the primary cause of hydrocephalus in children? A) Increased blood flow to the brain B) Increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles C) Decreased oxygenation in brain tissue D) Infection of the ventricles

B

True or False: Myelination in the central nervous system is completed at birth.

False

Which of the following are signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in children? (Select All that Apply) A) Bulging fontanel B) Bradycardia C) Nausea and headache D) Increased head circumference E) Positive Brudzinski sign

A,B,C,D

What is the primary purpose of a VP shunt in a child with hydrocephalus? A) Increase CSF production B) Drain excess CSF to the abdomen C) Prevent head circumference growth D) Reduce the risk of infection in the brain

B

A nurse caring for a child with meningitis should monitor for which key symptoms? (Select All that Apply) A) Nuchal rigidity B) Positive Kernig's sign C) Flaccid paralysis D) Fever E) Headache

A,B,D,E

What is the most critical nursing intervention during a tonic-clonic seizure? A) Place an oral airway to prevent aspiration B) Restrain the child to avoid injury C) Ensure the child is in a side-lying position D) Administer antiseizure medications immediately

C

True or False: A child with a concussion should return to sports as soon as symptoms resolve.

False

What is a late sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)? A) Irritability B) Bradycardia C) Vomiting D) Nausea

B

Which nursing actions are appropriate during a seizure? (Select All that Apply) A) Ensure the child is safe from injury. B) Turn the child to a side-lying position. C) Restrain the child to prevent movement. D) Monitor the child's oxygen levels. E) Place an oral airway if teeth are clenched.

A,B,D

What assessment tool is most appropriate for evaluating a pediatric patient’s neurological status? A) Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale B) Brudzinski sign assessment C) Apgar score D) Developmental milestone checklist

A

Which symptoms would suggest a VP shunt complication? (Select All that Apply) A) Increased irritability B) Persistent vomiting C) Abdominal distention D) Decreased head circumference E) Seizures

A,B,C,E

True or False: Febrile seizures always indicate a diagnosis of epilepsy.

False

What symptom is most characteristic of bacterial meningitis in a child? A) Tachycardia B) Nuchal rigidity C) Loss of consciousness D) Bulging fontanel

B

True or False: Viral meningitis is more severe than bacterial meningitis.

False

Which seizure type involves sudden, brief lapses in consciousness often mistaken for daydreaming? A) Tonic-clonic seizure B) Myoclonic seizure C) Absence seizure D) Focal seizure

C

When educating parents on seizure precautions, what instructions should the nurse include? (Select All that Apply) A) Always supervise swimming or bathing. B) Place the child in a prone position during a seizure. C) Administer prescribed medications consistently. D) Keep sharp objects nearby to open the airway. E) Use padding on furniture edges.

A,C,E

True or False: A positive Kernig's sign is a diagnostic hallmark of increased ICP.

False

What is the primary reason for monitoring head circumference in infants? A) To identify hydrocephalus early. B) To measure developmental progress. C) To assess for potential infections. D) To monitor intracranial pressure changes.

A

Early signs of a concussion in a pediatric patient may include: (Select All That Apply) A) Headache B) Amnesia C) Nuchal rigidity D) Vomiting E) Flaccid paralysis

A,B,D

What is the correct positioning for a child after a seizure? A) Supine B) Side-lying C) Prone D) High Fowler’s

B

Which of the following is a primary intervention for managing spasticity in a child with cerebral palsy (CP)? A. Administering acetaminophen for pain management. B. Applying heat packs to relax muscles. C . Prescribing botulinum toxin injections. D. Encouraging bedrest to prevent muscle strain.

C

A nurse is educating a pregnant patient about preventing neural tube defects (NTD) in their baby. Which of the following should be included in the teaching? (Select All That Apply) A. Consume 400–600 mcg of folic acid daily before and during pregnancy. B. Take extra calcium supplements to improve spinal development. C. Avoid alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy. D. Eat folic acid-rich foods such as leafy greens, beans, and fortified cereals. E. Reduce physical activity during the first trimester to prevent fetal stress.

A,C,D

True or False: Spina bifida occulta is the most severe form of neural tube defect.

False

A child with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is being evaluated in the clinic. Which clinical finding is characteristic of this condition? A. Increased muscle tone and stiffness. B. Leukocoria and vision loss. C. Gower’s sign when rising from the floor. D. Abdominal mass with hematuria.

C

A nurse is caring for a newborn with a myelomeningocele. Which nursing interventions are appropriate for this condition? (Select All That Apply) A. Position the infant in a prone position. B. Cover the exposed sac with a sterile, moist dressing. C. Administer folic acid supplements. D. Monitor for signs of hydrocephalus, such as bulging fontanelles. E. Perform frequent range of motion (ROM) exercises to prevent contractures.

A,B,D

True or False: Cerebral palsy is a progressive disorder characterized by worsening motor impairment over time.

False

Which of the following is an expected complication in a child with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)? A. Hydrocephalus. B. Cardiomyopathy. C. Spasticity. D. Visual impairments.

B

The nurse is planning care for a child with cerebral palsy. Which interventions should be included to manage the child’s condition? (Select All That Apply) A. Encourage participation in physical therapy. B. Administer prescribed baclofen to reduce spasticity. C. Teach the family about dietary restrictions to avoid exacerbation. D. Fit the child with braces to promote mobility. E. Restrict all physical activity to prevent fatigue.

A,B,D

What is the primary nursing concern when caring for an infant with a myelomeningocele? A. Maintaining skin integrity and preventing infection. B. Providing sedation to manage pain. C. Ensuring the infant’s proper weight gain and nutrition. D. Encouraging early physical therapy interventions.

A

True or False: Respiratory failure is a potential life-threatening complication in children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

True