ChemistryHomogeneous Semester 1 Final Review

Homogeneous

same in uniform

Heterogeneous

non-uniform

Elements

made of one type of atom with their own unique properties

Compounds

two or more different types of elements chemically combined

sieving

can separate large particles from small particles

filtration

can separate solids that are insoluble from a liquid

Evaporation

Can separate solids that are soluble from a liquid

Condensation

when water vapor changes it into liguid

Chromotography

can separate different color dye

Distilation

can separate a solvent from a solution

Physical properties

can be observed without a chemical reation

Intensive properties

depend on the identity, color, boiling point

Extensive Properties

depends on the amount, mass, volume

Quanititave

number

Qualitative

senses

Chemical properties

can only, be observed with a chemical

LOCOM

During a chemical change matter is neither created nor destroyed

Precision

describes the closeness of measurements to each other

Accuracy

describes the closeness of a measurement to the real value

multiplication and division

count the digits

Addition and Subtraction

place value rule

Left

Larger

Right

Reduce

Heat is

involved in both physical and chemical changes

Thermochemistry

studies how heat flows between a system and its surroundings

Endothermic

heat absorbed

Exothermic

heat released

Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy is neither created nor destroyed but transferred

Good conductors

low C value

Good insulators

high C value

Q

heat energy

m

mass

^T

temperature change

400 BC Democritus

small, indivisible, atomos, idea didn’t catch

1808 John Dalton

small indivisible, English teacher, atoms of identical elements are the same

1913 Niels Bohr

electrons orbit nucleus, planetary model

1897 JJ Thomson

small, divisible, subatomic particles, cathode ray, plum pudding model

1911 Ernest Rutherford

positive nucleus, Gold Foil, densely packed center with positive charge, nuclear model

Quantum Mechanical Model

Current Model, Proton and neutron nucleus reaction,

atomic number

protons

mass number

protons + neutrons

neutrons

mass - atomic

Symbol

mass/atomic Chemical symbol

Cations

positive, loss of electrons

Anions

negative, gain of electrons

Alpha

paper, skin, low, particle, 4/2a

Beta

wood, intermediate, particle 0/-1 B

Gamma

lead, concrete, high, energy 0/0 y

Artificial

happens in a lab, use of a particle accelerator

Fission

1 larger atom splits to form 2 medium-sized atoms and neutrons + energy, Occurs in nuclear reactors, source of large amount of energy and nuclear waste

Fusion

2 small atoms combine to form a larger, more stable atoms + energy, occurs in our sun, source of even larger amount of energy and no radio waste