LEC 1: Concepts of Nursing, Concepts of Man, Nursing as a Profession, Concept of Continuing Professional Development

Florence Nightingale

Defined nursing as the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery

Virginia Henderson

Stated that the unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, on the performance of those activities contributing to health and its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge and help him gain independence

Nursing Need Theory

What is the theory of Virginia Henderson?

American Nurses Association, 2010

Stated that nursing is the…

• protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities,

• prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response and

• advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations

When client passes or when patient is admitted and they have their S.O. with them

When is the family considered our patient?

Nursing is Caring

One of the themes of nursing

Nursing is a ___ profession

Nursing is an Art

One of the themes of nursing

Example is bed-making, which is aesthetic and organized

Nursing is Client-Centered

One of the themes of nursing

Nursing is equivalent to meeting the necessities of the patient

Nursing is Holistic

One of the themes of nursing

Nursing doesn’t just look at the physical aspect of the patient, but also psychological, spiritual, emotional, and mental health of the patient

Nursing is Adaptive

One of the themes of nursing

Research guides nurses towards new trends

Nursing is concerned with health promotion, health maintenance, and health restoration

One of the themes of nursing

Nursing is concerned with the following three

Nursing is a Helping Profession

One of the themes of nursing

Nurses aid in any way possible

1. Caring

2. an Art

3. Science

4. Client-Centered

5. Holistic

6. Adaptive

7. Concerned with Health Promotion, Health Maintenance, & Health Restoration

8. Helping Profession

8 Themes of Nursing (Nursing is…)

Profession

An occupation that requires extensive education or a calling that requires special knowledge, skill, and preparation

SCOPAS

Acronym to remember the 6 criteria for a profession

1. Service Orientation

2. Code of Ethics

3. On-going Research

4. Professional Organization (PNA)

5. Autonomy in Decision-Making

6. Prolonged, Specialized Training

6 Criteria for a Profession

service

Nursing as a Science and Art is dominated by an ideal of ___

Science: Moving the person to the side during convulsion is to ensure their tongue doesn’t block their airways

Art: Moving the person to the side during convulsion is the artful position of the rescuer and the placement of their hands

How does the following exemplify nursing as a science and art?

Consumer

One of the types of recipients of nursing

Individual, a group of people or community that uses a service or commodity

Patient

One of the types of recipients of nursing

Person who is waiting for or undergoing medical treatment and care

Client

One of the types of recipients of nursing

Person who engages the advice and services of another who is qualified to provide the health care service

1. Consumer

2. Patient

3. Client

3 Types of Recipients of Nursing

Man

Forms the foundation component of nursing

To be able to provide individualized, holistic, humane, ethical, and quality nursing care

What is the primary consideration of nursing to understand?

1. Capacity to think or conceptual on abstract level

2. Family formation

3. Tendency to seek and maintain territory

4. Ability to use verbal symbols as language, as a means of developing and maintaining culture

What are the 4 Major Attributes of the Human Being?

1. Man is a Biopsychosocial and Spiritual Being

2. Man is an Open System

What were Roy's 2 perspectives of man?

1. Biologic Being

2. Psychologic Being

3. Social Being

4. Spiritual Being

4 Beings According to Roy’s Perspective of Man

Biologic Being

One of the 4 Beings According to Roy’s Perspective of Man

All men have the same basic human needs

Psychologic Being

One of the 4 Beings According to Roy’s Perspective of Man

Man exhibits the following:

1. Rational but at times irrational

2. Mature with a core immaturity

3. With limited and unlimited nature

4. A being of contradictions

5. A being usually at the crossroads of indecisiveness

1. Rational but at times irrational

2. Mature with a core immaturity

3. With limited and unlimited nature

4. A being of contradictions

5. A being usually at the crossroads of indecisiveness

According to Roy’s definition of the psychologic being, what 5 things does man exhibit?

Social Being

One of the 4 Beings According to Roy’s Perspective of Man

Group of people have common attributes that make them different from other groups

Spiritual Being

One of the 4 Beings According to Roy’s Perspective of Man

• Endowed with virtues of faith, hope, and charity

• Believe in existence of Supreme Power who guides our fate and destiny, to whom we seek console in the case of difficulties in life

Man is an Open System

One of the perspectives of man

• acted upon and act on external environment/constant interaction with environment

• allows inputs and output to and from its boundaries

• because man is ___ they can change with a new environment

Man is a Unified Whole

What was Roger’s perspective on man?

Man is a Unified Whole

One of the perspectives of man

• Component of parts which are interdependent and interrelated with each other

• Different organs and organ systems function together to achieve a particular purpose

• All body systems function together as one

Man is a Whole, Complete, and Independent Being with 14 Fundamental Needs

What was Henderson’s perspective on man?

1. Breathe

2. Eat & Drink

3. Eliminate

4. Move & Maintain Posture

5. Sleep & Rest

6. Dress & Undress

7. Maintain Body Temperature

8. Keep Clean

9. Avoid Danger

10. Communicate

11. Worship

12. Work

13. Play

14. Learn

According to Henderson, what are the 14 fundamental needs of man

Need

Something essential to the emotional and physiological health and survival of humans

Theory on Basic Need

Theory that states the following:

• Absence of need results in illness

• Presence of need prevents illness or signifies health

• Meeting an unmeet need restored health

1. Universal

2. Met in different ways

3. May be stimulated by external and internal factors

4. Priorities may be altered

5. Needs may be deferred

6. Needs are interrelated

What are the 6 Characteristics of Basic Human Needs?

1. Physiological

2. Safety & Security

3. Love & Belonging

4. Self-Esteem

5. Cognitive

6. Aesthetic

7. Self-Actualization

8. Transcendence

What are the needs according to Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs from bottom to top of the hierarchy?

(1) reality efficiently

(2) uncertainty

One of the 11 Characteristics of Self-Actualizers

Perceive (1) ___ ___ and able to tolerate (2) ___

(1) Accept

(2) themselves

(3) others

One of the 11 Characteristics of Self-Actualizers

(1) ___ (2) ___ and (3) ___ for what they really are

(1) Spontaneous

One of the 11 Characteristics of Self-Actualizers

(1) ___ in thought and behavior

(1) Problem-centered

One of the 11 Characteristics of Self-Actualizers

(1) ___-___ rather than self-centered

(1) humor

One of the 11 Characteristics of Self-Actualizers

Have a good sense of (1) ___

(1) creative

One of the 11 Characteristics of Self-Actualizers

Highly (1) ___

(1) enculturation

(2) unconventional

One of the 11 Characteristics of Self-Actualizers

Resistant to (1) ___, although not purposely (2) ___

(1) humanity

One of the 11 Characteristics of Self-Actualizers

Concerned with the welfare of (1) ___

(1) appreciation

(2) life

One of the 11 Characteristics of Self-Actualizers

Capable of deep (1) ___ of the basic experience of (2) ___

(1) interpersonal relationship

(2) few

(3) many

One of the 11 Characteristics of Self-Actualizers

Establish a deep, satisfying (1) ____ ____ with (2) ___, rather than (3) ___

(1) objective viewpoint

One of the 11 Characteristics of Self-Actualizers

Able to look at life from an (1) ___ ___

1. Perceive reality efficiently and able to tolerate uncertainty

2. Accept themselves and others for what they really are

3. Spontaneous in thought and behavior

4. Problem-centered rather than self-centered

5. Have a good sense of humor

6. Highly creative

7. Resistant to enculturation, although not purposely unconventional

8. Concerned with the welfare of humanity

9. Capable of deep appreciation of the basic experience of life

10. Establish a deep, satisfying interpersonal relationship with few, rather than many

11. Able to look at life from an objective viewpoint

What are the 11 Characteristics of Self-Actualizers?

uncommon qualities

Self-actualizers require ___ ___.

1. Honesty

2. Independence

3. Awareness

4. Objectivity

5. Creativity

6. Originality

What are 6 uncommon qualities of self actualizers?

(1) child

(2) absorption

(3) concentration

One of the 8 Behaviors Leading to Self-Actualization

Experience life as a (1) ___ does, full (2) ___ and (3) ___

(1) new

(2) secure

(3) safe

One of the 8 Behaviors Leading to Self-Actualization

Try something (1) ___ rather than sticking to (2) ___ and (3) ___ ways

(1) feelings

(2) experience

(3) tradition

(4) authority

(5) majority

One of the 8 Behaviors Leading to Self-Actualization

Listen to own (1) ___ in evaluating (2)____ rather than to the voice of (3) ___ or (4) ___ or (5) ___

(1) honest

(2) pretenses

(3) game-playing

One of the 8 Behaviors Leading to Self-Actualization

Be (1) ___; avoid (2) ___ or (3) “___ - ___”

(1) unpopular

One of the 8 Behaviors Leading to Self-Actualization

Be prepared to be (1) ___ if views don’t coincide with most people

(1) responsibility

One of the 8 Behaviors Leading to Self-Actualization

Assume (1) ___

(1) Work hard

One of the 8 Behaviors Leading to Self-Actualization

(1) ___ ___ at whatever you decide to do

(1) defense

(2) courage

One of the 8 Behaviors Leading to Self-Actualization

Try to identify your (1) ___ and have the (2) ___ to give them up

1. Experience life as a child does, full absorption and concentration

2. Try something new rather than sticking to secure and safe ways

3. Listen to own feelings in evaluating experience rather than to the voice of tradition or authority or majority

4. Be honest; avoid pretenses or “game-playing”

5. Be prepared to be unpopular if views don’t coincide with most people

6. Assume responsibility

7. Work hard at whatever you decide to do

8. Try to identify your defense and have the courage to give them up

What are 8 Behaviors Leading to Self-Actualization?

Transcendence

• In which individual experiences “peak experiences”

• Nurses are more engaged, dedicated, and absorbed in their work

Need

Knowledge of the theoretical bases of human ___ assists the nurse in responding therapeutically to a client’s behavior and in understanding themselves and own response to needs

Need

Serve as a framework for assessing behavior, assigning priorities to desired outcome and planning nursing interventions

Nursing

Caring, unique profession

Essential to perservation of life

Nutrix, meaning “to nourish”

What is the root word for “nurse” meaning what?

Nurses

___ are heterogenous group of people with verying skills who perform activities designed to provide care ranging from basic to complex in a growing number of settings.

CHN nurse must have good public-speaking skills, while ICU nurses must be tech savvy

Example of nurses having varying skills

True

True or False:

Nurse must have method, self-sacrifice, watchful activity, love of the work, devotion to duty (that is the service of the good), the courage, the coolness of the soldier, the tenderness of the mother, the absence of the prig (that is never thinking that she has attained perfection or that there is nothing better).

Prig

Never thinking that she has attained perfection or that there is nothing better

1. Knowledgeable

2. Sincere

3. Practical

3-Fold Interest of Nurse Work

Knowledgeable

One of the 3-Fold Interest of Nurse Work

An intellectual interest in the case

Sincere

One of the 3-Fold Interest of Nurse Work

Hearty interest in patient

Practical

One of the 3-Fold Interest of Nurse Work

A technical interest in the patient’s care and skills

True

True or False: Must not look upon patients as made for nurses but nurses are made for patients.

1. Has faith in the fundamental values that underlie the democratic way of life

2. Has a sense of responsibility for understanding those with whom they work or associate with

3. Has faith in the reality of spiritual and aesthetic values and awareness of the value and the pleasure of self-development through the pursuit of some aesthetic interests

4. Has the basic knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to address present-day social problems, realistic, incisive, and well-organized thoughts through critical thinking

5. Has skill in using written and spoken language, both to develop own thoughts and to communicate them to others

6. Appreciates and understands the importance of good health

7. Has emotional balance: is able to maintain poise and composure in trying situations

8. Likes hard work and possesses a capacity for it

9. Appreciates high standards of workmanship

10. Accepts and tries to understand people of all sorts, regardless of race, religion, and color

11. Knows nursing so thoroughly that every client will receive excellent care

What are the 11 Qualities & Abilities of a Professional Nurse?

Has faith in the fundamental values that underlie the democratic way of life

One of the 11 Qualities & Abilities of a Professional Nurse

Includes the following:

• Respect for human dignity (even if the patient has passed, still inform or talk to the patient as if they were alive)

• Self-Sacrifice

Has a sense of responsibility for understanding those with whom they work or associate with

One of the 11 Qualities & Abilities of a Professional Nurse

Includes the following:

• Utilizing relevant psychological concepts

• Working effectively through therapeutic relationship (trying to understand the person)

• There’s a tendency for conflict but one should know how to behave professionally

Has faith in the reality of spiritual and aesthetic values and awareness of the value and the pleasure of self-development through the pursuit of some aesthetic interests

One of the 11 Qualities & Abilities of a Professional Nurse

Nurses should continue to learn new things/leveling up on how we do things

Has the basic knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to address present-day social problems, realistic, incisive, and well-organized thoughts through critical thinking

One of the 11 Qualities & Abilities of a Professional Nurse

Example is someone fainted in a crowded place, so one should either call 911 or provide First Aid

Critical thinking is securing, appraising, and organizing evidence

Has skill in using written and spoken language, both to develop own thoughts and to communicate them to others

One of the 11 Qualities & Abilities of a Professional Nurse

Example is the importance of documentation

Appreciates and understands the importance of good health

One of the 11 Qualities & Abilities of a Professional Nurse

Examples is that both patients and nurses must be healthy; if nurse becomes unhealthy, they become a liability

Has emotional balance: is able to maintain poise and composure in trying situations

One of the 11 Qualities & Abilities of a Professional Nurse

Example is remaining calm whether patient is hysterical or violent

Likes hard work and possesses a capacity for it

One of the 11 Qualities & Abilities of a Professional Nurse

Example is being willing to work 8-12 hour shifts, constantly walking around and attending to patients

Appreciates high standards of workmanship

One of the 11 Qualities & Abilities of a Professional Nurse

Example is when changing linens, need to ensure its professionally, aesthetically made

Accepts and tries to understand people of all sorts, regardless of race, religion, and color

One of the 11 Qualities & Abilities of a Professional Nurse

Being a culturally competent nurse

Knows nursing so thoroughly that every client will receive excellent care

One of the 11 Qualities & Abilities of a Professional Nurse

Competent nurse that will be able to provide high quality care for patients

1. Philosophy of Life

2. Good Personality

2 Personal Qualities of a Nurse

Philosophy of Life

One of the personal qualities of a nurse

• Concerned with those basic truths that contribute to personal growth in a systematic fashion and with those principles that relate the the moral values that shape the facets of the character

• Every person must develop this and a plan for expanding his personal life

• Theories of nursing can be taught but not this

False (Theories of nursing can be taught, but not a philosophy of life or a philosophy of service.)

True or False: Theories, philosophy of life, and philosophy of service can be taught.

Good Personality

One of the personal qualities of a nurse

• ___ consists of the distinctive individual qualities that differ one person from another

• Refers to the impression one makes on others

• Consists of deeper traits from the heart and infiltrate the real person

1. Warmth of manner, ready smile, sincere laugh, genuine interest

2. Complete sincerity

3. Sympathetic grooming

3 Main Ways to Develop One’s Personality

Neat hairstyle, appropriate dress, sufficient make up and expressive hands, being mindful of the people who see you

What does “sympathetic grooming” consist of?

Posture

One of the Components of Good Personality

Essential in personal appearance

The nurse is a good person

One of the Components of Good Personality

The character of a nurse

1. Justice

2. Prudence

3. Fortitude

4. Temperance

What are 4 Virtues emanating from the practice of charity?

Honesty

One of the Components of Good Personality

What is the attribute of character?