AP human unit 4 vocab 1

State

State

a politically organized territory with a permanent population, defined borders, and a government

territoriality-

attempt to affect, influence, or control people, phenomena, or relationships by asserting control over a geographic area.

sovereignty

a government’s legal right to control it’s own territory

colonialism

physically taking over a territory and people and controlling the economy and government; ruling them for their benefit

Berlin Conference

1884-1885; 2nd wave colonialism; Africa was divided up by European colonial powers

1st wave colonialism

European exploration and conquest of the Americas, Caribbean, and African coastline

second wave colonialism

colonialism shifted from the Americas to Africa (and inland Africa) and parts of Asia

devolution

transfer of power downwards from central government to regional governments within.

mercantilism

a nation controlling trade and colonies, and also protecting it’s home industries

electoral geography

how a state divides itself into electoral districts for voting purposes

reapportionment

the process by which districts are changes according to population shifts

Majority-minority districts

packed districts in which a majority of the population is from the ethnic/ racial minority

gerrymandering

redistricting for an advantage

Federalism

government system that divides itself into territories/provinces and gives significant authority to each of these provinces’ consecutive governments.

voting district

district within a country/state/province for the purpose of voting/ electing officials within the larger government

stateless nations

a nation without official political boundaries, or an official political state

the Kurds

a people group of 25-35 million who live in an area of central Asia that spans the borders of 6 nations. However, they maintain autonomy from the countries in which they lie… but don’t officially own/ control the land.

multinational state

a state with more than 1 nation in it’s borders (most countries fall into this)

multistate nation

a nation (ethnic group, culture, ect.) that is split across multiple states

nation

a group of people with a sense of cultural connection and shared identity that is attached to the territory

nation-state

the concept that a map of states should align with a map of nations

nationalism

the unification of a people group through a shared characteristic, be it culture, shared history, ect.

redistricting

the redrawing of voter districts

autonomous region

an area of a country that has a degree of autonomy, or has freedom from an external authority

Cold War

a state of political and military tension post WWII between the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, fought through proxy wars, nuclear stockpiling, and he space race

decolonization

the process by which colonies become independent of the colonizing country

internal boundary

a line or border that divides one area or entity into two or smaller areas or entities

electorate

those who vote on (elect) something

census

an official government survey of the population of that government’s country

imperialism

the forceful extension of a nation’s authority by establishing economic and political domination over other lands

satellite states

a country that is nominally independent but under the influence and sometimes control of a more powerful nation

self determination

the process/ right by which a country determines it’s own statehood and forms its own allegiances and governments

semi-autonomous region

a subdivision of a nation/nations that has a degree of it’s own autonomy but not complete sovereignty. Think Hong Kong.

Soviet Autonomous Republic

nations with an ethnic identity within the USSR but without the right of total independent governance and the right to break away

Knowt

this website is

hijacking

redrawing of two districts in order to force two elected representatives of the same party to run against each other

cracking

dispersing of a group into several districts to prevent a majority

packing

combining like-minded voters into one district in order to prevent them from affecting elections in other districts

stacking

diluting a minority populated district with majority populations

kidnapping

moving an elected representative of an area to another area where he/she doesn’t have support